Table 2: Time-series analysis results that evaluate the effects of mortality and fertility (1956–2015) (independent variables) on life expectancy and population ageing (dependent variables).

– Gender Time Life Expectancy
(in years) 		Population Age Distribution
65+ years / 15–65 years rate Percent of 0–15 years
b (95% CI) p R2 b (95% CI) p R2 b (95% CI) p R2
CVDa Mortality
(per 10 deaths/100.00 people)		 Men 1956–1987 0.31 (0.26, 0.36) <0.001 0.85 0.01 (0.004, 0.01) <0.001 0.76 -0.29 (-0.37, -0.21) <0.001 0.68
1988–2009 -0.16 (-0.17, -0.14) <0.001 0.96 -0.01 (-0.005, -0.004) <0.001 0.97 0.31 (0.26, 0.36) <0.001 0.89
2010–2015 0.14 (0.05, 0.22) 0.011 0.79 0.01 (0.004, 0.01) 0.001 0.92 -0.01 (-0.04, 0.02) 0.420 0.17
Women 1956–1987 -0.68 (-1.0, -0.35) <0.001 0.39 -0.01 (-0.02, -0.01) <0.001 0.64 0.67 (0.44, 0.89) <0.001 0.57
1988–2009 -0.22 (-0.24, -0.20) <0.001 0.97 -0.01 (-0.01, -0.005) <0.001 0.97 0.34 (0.29, 0.39) <0.001 0.92
2010–2015 0.07 (0.01, 0.13) 0.036 0.64 0.004 (0.001, 0.01) 0.009 0.82 -0.01 (-0.02, 0.01) 0.459 0.14
All-cause Mortality
(per 10 deaths/100.00 people)		 Men 1956–2015 -0.14 (-0.15, -0.13) <0.001 0.92 -0.003 (-0.003, -0.002) <0.001 0.90 0.22 (0.21, 0.23) <0.001 0.96
Women 1956–2015 -0.16 (-0.17, -0.15) <0.001 0.95 -0.003 (-0.003, -0.002) <0.001 0.91 0.21 (0.20, 0.22) <0.001 0.97
Fertility Rate
(per 1 unit/woman)		 All 1956–1970 3.7 (0.25, 7.2) 0.039 0.36 0.11 (0.01, 0.21) 0.041 0.32 -4.6 (-11, 1.8) 0.141 0.14
1971–2015 -4.6 (-5.5, -3.7) <0.001 0.69 -0.07 (-0.09, -0.04) <0.001 0.43 8.2 (6.9, 9.5) <0.001 0.79

a CVD: cardiovascular disease. Regression b-coefficients illustrate the effect of CVD or all-cause mortality, and fertility rate (independent variables) on the following outcomes: population life expectancy, the rate of (65+) / (15-65) years old people, and the % of people between 0 – 15 years. For example, among men during 1956-1987, an increase of 10 CVD deaths/100,000 people was associated with: 0.31 years increase in Life Expectancy, 0.01 increase in the rate (65+) / (15-65) years old people and a decrease of 0.15 of the % of people between 0-15 years old.