Fig. (4) The main mechanisms contributing to dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. HDL: Highdensity lipoprotein, ApoA1: apolipoprotein A1, APL Abs: anti-phospholipid antibodies, DsDNA: double stranded DNA, TG:triglycerides, LDL: low-density lipoproteins, TC: total cholesterol.