Table 1: Adverse Lipid Effects of Agents Used for the Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Diseases

Agent Adverse Effect on The Lipid Profile Reference
Non-selective beta blockers ↑ TG levels
↓ HDL-C levels
[5, 6, 14, 15]
Beta1-selective blockers ↑ TG levels (no effect or ↓ in other studies) [5, 7-15]
Nebivolol ↓ HDL-C levels (no effect in other studies) [8, 13, 15]
Hydrochlorothiazide (≥ 25 mg/day) ↑ TG levels
↑ TC levels
[6, 22]
Chlorthalidone ↑ LDL-C levels [6]
Indapamide ↑ LDL-C levels (no effect in other studies) [6, 21, 24]
Pioglitazone ↑ LDL-C levels [46, 47]
Rosiglitazone ↑ LDL-C levels
↑ TG levels
[46, 47]
Orlistat ↓ HDL-C levels [56]
Bile-acid sequestrants ↑ TG levels [1, 64-66]
Fibrates ↑ LDL-C levels (in patients with hypertriglyceridemia) [1, 67]
Omega-3 fatty acids ↑ LDL-C levels (in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia) [68-70]

TG = triglyceride; HDL-C = high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC = total cholesterol; LDL-C = low density lipoprotein cholesterol.