Table 2: Selected variables used in logistic regression analysis.

Variable Description Type
GNC Whether import/export of the goods needs specific certificates Binary
FCO Goods belong to an easy declaration of false country of origin Binary
SRC Importer’s/exporter’s classification based on its smuggling records Categorical
IEO Ownership of the importer/exporter Categorical
MOT Modes of trade Categorical
TMG Transportation mode of goods Categorical
WMG Wrap mode of goods Categorical
DDD Delayed days of declaration Continuous
QWR Ratio of quantity to net weight Continuous
VWR Ratio of value to net weight of goods Continuous
GNR Ratio of gross weight to net weight Continuous
SSL Synthesized smuggling likelihoods of importer/exporter and declarer Continuous
UPG Declared unit price of goods Continuous