| First author + year | Description of study | Subjects/ teeth | Methods of assessment | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Holland et al., (2001) [52] |
In vitro study Assess healing of intentional lateral root perforation repaired with (MTA) |
48 root canal of 4 mongrel dogs teeth |
-Endodontic treatment -Clinical examination -Radiologic examination |
MTA allowed healing and deposition of cementum without inflammation better than Sealapex that exhibited chronic inflamation |
| Yazdi et al., (2006)[49] |
In vitro study Compare tissue reaction of pulp chamber perforations with MTA, light-cured GIC and amalgam |
54 lower premolar teeth of 9 Dogs with perforation in floor of pulp chamber |
-Access cavity preparation -Histologic evaluation. |
MTA and GI were more suitable materials for perforation repair, as both showed bone regeneration and less inflammation than amalgam. |
| Broon et al., (2006)[55] |
In vitro study Investigate healing of root perforations treated with Pro RootMTA, MTA-Angeleus and portland cement |
15 teeth of 4 young adult dogs perforated at cervical third of root | -Endodontic cleaning and shaping -Microscopic evaluation |
white Portland cement(WPC) and MTA-Angelus(grey MTA) showed more teeth inflammation than the ProRoot MTA (white MTA) |
| Morais et al., (2006)[56] |
In vivo study Evaluation of tissue response to MTA and portland cement with iodoform. |
18 Wistar albino rats Devided into 3 groups (n = 6). |
- Microscopic examination - Histologic processing |
There were no significant differences regarding inflammatory responses between MTA and portland cement with iodoform. |
| Hamad et al., (2006)[57] |
In vitro dye extraction study Compare furcation perforation repair with gray and white MTA |
76 human extracted mandibular molars with furcation perforations | - Dye extraction study - Spectrophotometer measurement |
No statistically significant difference in leakage was found between gray and white MTA |
| De-Deus et al., (2007)[58] |
In vitro study Investigate the ability of portland cement, MTA and MTA bio to prevent through fluid movement in repaired furcal perforations |
55 human mandibular first molar teeth with furcation perforation |
-Fluid filtration evaluation -Measurements of air bubble movement |
MTA Bio has superior handling and fast setting than MTA and Portland cement plus the freedom of Arsenic and lead that present in Portland cement. The three materials had the same sealing ability as they could prevent through-and-through fluid movement. |
| Ghanbari et al., (2008) [51] |
In vitro study To compare between amalgam and MTA in repairing furcal perforations. |
28 Molar teeth from 4 cats with furcation perforations |
Microscopic evaluation | MTA showed better sealing than amalgam for perforation repair, particularly when used immediately after perforation. |
| Abdul Hamed et al., ( 2011) [50] |
In vitro study Repair root canal perforation by different materials |
30 fresh extracted lower premolar teeth obtained from orthodontic treatment with root perforations divided into 3 groups( N=10) |
Dye leakage measurement Stereomicroscope Magnification |
MTA showed the lowest dye leakage and best sealing ability than Glass ionomer followed by Epiphany obturation system that showed the highest dye leakage when used to seal root perforations in extracted human teeth |
| Bayram et al., (2015) [54] | In vitro study Determination of the Apical Sealing Abilities of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Portland Cement, and Bioaggregate After Irrigation with Different Solutions |
130 extracted single canal teeth | computerized fluid filtration method | Bioaggregate (BA) (new bioceramic- based material) showed better perforation repair and biocompatibility than MTA and Portland cement when used as root end filling and perforation repair materials. |
| Sinkar et al., (2015) [42] | An ultraviolet spectrophotometric analysis Comparison of sealing ability of ProRoot MTA, RetroMTA, and Biodentine as furcation repair materials: |
35 extracted intact human mandibular molars with non –fused well developed roots with furcation perforations. | Dye extraction method | Biodentine has the best sealing ability and least microleakage than RetroMTA and ProRoot MTA |