Table 3: Differences in periodontal parameters and oral health behaviour of all groups after gender subdivision.

Groups Indices of periodontal status and p-value Indices of oral hygiene behaviour and p-value
PSR PBT PPD5 GI Tn VPI TBF TBT ICF FDC
ND vs. OAD Females • • • • OAD OAD • • OAD •
ND vs. INS Females INS INS INS INS INS INS • • INS •
OAD vs. INS Females • • • INS • •
ND vs. OAD Males OAD • • OAD OAD •.
ND vs. INS Males • •
OAD vs. INS Males • •

Abbreviations used: ND = non-diabetic subjects, OAD = diabetic subjects with oral therapy, INS = diabetic subjects with insulin therapy, • = no significant difference, PSR = periodontal screening and recording, PBT = percentage of bleeding teeth, PPD5 = number of probing pocket depth of 5 mm, GI = gingival index, Tn = number of teeth, VPI = visible plaque index, TBF = tooth brushing frequency, TBT = tooth brushing time, ICF = interdental cleaning per day, FDC = frequency of dental checkups per year.