|
Study ; Type of Study: |
Participants | Intervention | Control | Outcome | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome measure used | Numerical values | ||||||
| Intervention Group | Control Group | ||||||
| Klein et al. [12] RCT; open label; parallel group |
21 children of 3-5 years of age who required pulp tissue removal and subsequent crown/extraction for at least two teeth in the anterior maxillary segment on opposite sides of the midline | P-ASA with CompuMed- 1.4 ml of 2% lignocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine | Several buccal infiltrations and an additional palatal injection- Traditional syringe- 2% lignocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine in 1.8ml cartridge with a 30-gauge needle | Disruptive behaviour using anxious and disruptive behaviour code | 50% disruptive behaviour, 30% crying and 28% body movement were observed |
75% disruptive behaviour, 57% crying and 49% body movement were observed |
|
| Loomer PM et al. [13] RCT, single blind, cross over design |
20 adults with moderate periodontal disease requiring scaling and root planning | AMSA and P-ASA using 2% lignocaine with 1:100,000epinephrine. | PSA,MSA,ASA,GP,NP using 2% lignocaine in 1:100,000 epinephrine | Visual analog scale (VAS) | A mean (SD) difference of 0.19 (0.24) was observed in VAS from baseline | A mean (SD) difference of 0.22 (0.24) was observed in VAS from baseline | |
| Yenisey M [14] RCT, single blinded study using split mouth design |
16 adult patients aged 27 to 64 years, with partially edentulous state in both right and left maxilla to undergo fixed prosthodontics treatment | AMSA using Wand at 1.7 ml articaine hydrochloride with 0.006 mg adrenaline using 27 G needle | 2 ml articaine hydrochloride with 0.006 mg adrenaline with 27 G needle with a plastic syringe | Verbal rating scale (VRS) | Median (range) of VRS was 0 (0-2) | Median (range) of VRS was 2 (0-3) | |
| Tahmassebi et al. [15] RCT; single blinded; parallel group |
38 children of age 39-120 months in need of at least one restoration on either side of maxilla | Wand assisted buccal infiltration and direct palatal injection of 2% lignocaine in 1:80000 adrenaline | Buccal and intra papillary infiltration using 2% lignocaine in 1:80000 adrenaline | The anxiety using Venham scale and modified VAS for pain |
Mean (SD) of anxiety score - 1.7 (2.5) and 32.1 (30.8) for VAS | Mean (SD) of anxiety score - 1.5 (1.9) and 29.4 (22.4) for VAS |
|
| Kandiah et al. [16] RCT; single blinded; parallel group |
30 individuals of 8-16 years with minimal caries requiring restoration of upper first permanent molar tooth | Wand assisted infiltration using 1.8 ml of 2% lignocaine in 1:80000 adrenaline | Traditional syringe assisted infiltration of 1.8 ml of 2% lignocaine in 1:80000 adrenaline | Onset of anaesthesia measured by Electric pulp testing; Pain measured by modified visual analog scale |
Mean (SD) of onset of anaesthesia was 6.8 (3.1) and 14/15 had no pain |
Mean (SD) of onset of anaesthesia was 6.1 (2.7) and 12/14 had no pain | |
| Allen et al. [17] RCT; single blinded; parallel group |
40 patients 2-5 years of age needing operative dentistry in maxilla | Wand assisted AMSA or P-ASA of 1.4 ml 2% lignocaine with 1:100000 epinephrine using 30 G needle | Traditional 1 ml buccal infiltration and 0.18 ml palatal injection of 2% lignocaine with 1:100000 epinephrine using 30 G needle | Any disruptive behaviour; Crying; Body movement and restraint | 50% had disruptive behaviour; 30% had crying spells; 28% had body movement and 3% restraint | 71% had disruptive behaviour; 57% had crying spells; 49% had body movement and 34% restraint | |