Table 3: Criteria of judgment of the oral health and swallowing status (modified from Tsukada et al. 2012).

Category Score 0 Score 1 Score 2
Oral cleanliness
(denture included)
Good: Clean and no food particles or tartar in mouth or dentures Fair: Food particles/ tartar/ plaque in some areas of the mouth or dentures Poor: Food particles/tartar/ plaque covering most areas of the mouth or dentures
Dryness of the mouth (by visual inspection) Not present: Moist tissues, free flowing saliva Present to a certain extent: sticky tissues, little saliva present Present: Tissues parched and red, very little/no saliva present
Tongue coating Not present Thin coating present:
Covering less than 2/3 of the tongue surface, (if covering 2/3 or more: +1 point)
Thick coating present:
Covering less than 2/3 of the tongue surface, (if covering 2/3 or more: +1 point)
Tooth brushing (oral self-care) Possible Aid needed Impossible
Breath odor (as perceived during conversation) No bad breath Bad breath can be identified Severe halitosis (bad breath)
Gums and oral mucosa troubles Not present: Pink, moist, smooth, no bleeding Present (slight): Dry, shiny, rough, red swollen, one ulcer/sore spot Present (severe): Swollen, bleeding, ulcers, white/red patches, generalized redness
Tongue troubles Not present: Pink, moist, papillae present Present (slight): No papillae, red, shiny Present (severe):
blistery, fissured
Tongue protrusion beyond the lower lip Possible Tongue protrusion cannot surpass the lower lip Impossible
Cheek puffing test (Closing the lips and puffing out the cheeks) Possible Incomplete closing of lips Impossible
Articulation
(Pronounce "Pa-n-da-no-ta-ka-ra-mo-no")
Possible Unclear Impossible
Oral intake (from patient records) Possible (3 meals per day) Partially possible (1 meal per day or just some spoonfuls) Impossible (tube feeding)
Choking (patient-reported) Never Sometimes Often