| Competitive → | Competes with other students→ | Teacher-centred, class activities |
|---|---|---|
| Collaborative→ | Shares ideas with others→ | Student-led small groups |
| Avoidant→ | Uninterested, non-participant→ | Anonymous environment |
| Participant→ | Eager to participate→ | Lectures with discussion |
| Dependent→ | Seeks authority figure→ | Clear instructions, little ambiguity |
| Independent→ | Thinks for themselves → | Independent study and projects |