Malignant Transformation of Ossifying Fibroma into Parosteal Osteosarcoma with High-grade Component: Presentation of an Unusual Case and Review of the Literature

Table 1: Cases of parosteal osteosarcoma of the jaw. Demographic data, clinical outcome, and treatment outcome.

Studies	Number of Cases	Sites	Age (years)	Sex	Stage AJCC	Symptoms	Distance Metastasis	Follow-up Time (Years)	Treatment	Outcome
Without Primary Diagnosis
Roca et al. 1970	2	1 MN	63	M	IIB	Painless swelling	No	6 years	S	LR
Roca et al. 1970	2	1 MX	17	F	IA	Painless swelling	No	9 years	S	DF
Solomon et al. 1975	1	MN	38	M	IIB	Painless swelling	No	6 months	S	DF
Newland et al. 1977	1	MX	25	M	IIB	Painless swelling	No	Unknown	S	DF
Regezi et al. 1987	2	MX	13	F		Painless swelling	No	5 years	S	DF
Regezi et al. 1987	2	MX	68	M		Painless swelling	No	5 years	S	LR
Strunk et al. 1990	1	Mastoid bone	27	M	IIB	Painless swelling, drainage from ear	No	14 months	S	DF
Oda et al. 1996	1	MX	39	M	IA	Swelling and pain	No	21 months	S	DF
Bianchi et al. 1997	1	MX	47	F	IA	Painless swelling	No	6 years	S	DF
Donaldson et al. 2004	1	MN	8	M	IA	Swelling and nasal congestion	No	3.5 years	S	DF
Isokane et al. 2005	1	MX	17	F	III	Painless swelling	Pulmonary	Unknown	CT	Died
Hewitt et al. 2007	1	MX	32	M	IA	Painless swelling	No	3 years	S	DF
Chakravarti et al. 2015	1	MN	35	F	IIB	Swelling and pain	No	4 years	S	DF
Simon et al. 2011	1	MN	54	F	IA	Painless swelling	No	16 months	S	DF
Vaidya et al. 2011	1	MN	43	F	IIB	Swelling and pain	No	1 year	S	DF
Puranik et al. 2014	1	MX	22	F	IB	Painless swelling	No	1.5 years	S	DF
With Primary Diagnosis
Huang et al. 2010 *	1	MX	33	M	IA	Painless swelling	No	7 years	S, CT	DF
Demicco et.al. 2010	1	MN	66	F	IA	swelling	No	57 months	S	DF
Argon et al. 2015 *	1	MN	26	F	IA	Painless swelling	No	Unknown	S	DF
Lee et al. 2015 **	1	MN	45	M	IA	Swelling and pain	No	Unknown	S	DF
Abtahi et al. 2018 ***	1	MX	20	M	IA	Swelling and pain	No	6 months	S, CT, RT	Died
Summary	21	8 MN 11 MX 1 other	Mean 33.6	11 M 9 F	–	–	1 DM	Mean 42	–	–
AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; F, Female; M, Male; MX, Maxilla; MN, Mandible; S, Surgery; CT, Chemotherapy; RT, Radiotherapy; LR, Local Recurrence; DF, Disease-free; DM, Distance Metastasis. * Fibrous dysplasia. Cemento-ossifying fibroma. * Ossifying fibroma.