Table 3: Summary of characteristics of the studies about dentinal defects.

Author Type of Samples Number of Canals File Used Kinematics Methods Results
Coelho et al. Mn molar 160 ProFile
TRUShape
WaveOne Gold
CR
CR
R
Led transillumination No significance difference
Ustun et al. Mn incisor 120 K-File
ProTaper Universal
ProTaper Next
Reciproc
MI
R and CR
CR
R
SEM No significance difference
Gergi et al. Mn molar 180 Reciproc
WaveOne
Twisted File Adaptive
R
R
CR and R
SEM Reciproc > WaveOne and Twisted File Adaptive
Jalali et al. Mn premolar 100 Reciproc
ProTaper Universal
Mtwo
R
CR
CR
SEM Mtwo and ProTaper Universal > Reciproc
Karataş et al. Mn incisor 75 ProTaper Universal
ProTaper Next
WaveOne
Twisted File Adaptive
CR
CR
R
AM
SEM ProTaper Universal and WaveOne > ProTaper Next and Twisted File Adaptive
Karataş et al. Mn incisor 105 Twisted File Adaptive CR/R/AM SEM RC and Adaptive Movement > R
Aydin et al. Mn premolar 70 Reciproc
WaveOne
Twisted File Adaptive
R
R
AM
SEM No significance difference
De-Deus et al. Mn molar 20 ProTaper Next
Twisted File Adaptive
CR
R
µCT No formation of dentinal defects
Zhou et al. Mn premolar and molar 280 WaveOne
Protaper Universal
Twisted File
Twisted File Adaptive
R
CR
CR
AM
SEM WaveOne and ProTaper Universal > Twisted File and Twisted File Adaptive
De-Deus et al. Mn molar 30 Reciproc
WaveOne
BioRace
R
R
CR
µCT No significance difference
Bürklein et al. Mn incisor 100 Mtwo
ProTaper
Reciproc
WaveOne
CR
CR
R
R
SEM WaveOne and Reciproc > Mtwo and ProTaper

Mn, mandible; Mx, maxillar; MI, manual instrumentation; AM, adaptive movement; CR, continuous rotation; R, reciprocating; CT, computed tomography; CBCT, cone beam computed tomography; SEM, scanning electron microscopy.