Table 1: Facial soft-tissue landmarks (n = 15; 7 single and 4 paired) evaluated in the present study.

Landmark Definition
Glabella (G) The most prominent midpoint of the frontal bone, between the eyebrows.
Nasion (N) The deepest point of the nasal bridge, on the intersection between the midline of the nasal root and the nasofrontal suture.
Endocanthion left (EnL) and right (EnR) The point at the inner commissure of the left and right eye fissures.
Exocanthion left (ExL) and right (ExR) The point at the outer commissure of the left and right eye fissures.
Pronasale (Prn) The most protruded point of the apex nasi, identified in lateral view of the natural head position.
Subnasale (Sn) The midpoint of the angle at columella base.
Alare left (AlL) and right (AlR) The most lateral point on each of the alare contours.
Labiale superior (Lab sup) The most prominent midpoint of the upper vermilion line.
Labiale inferior (Lab inf) The most prominent midpoint of the lower vermilion line.
Cheilion left (ChL) and right (ChR) The most lateral points of the labial commissures, joining the superior and inferior lips.
Pogonion (Pog) The most anterior midpoint of the soft tissue of the chin.