| Selection Criteria | |
|---|---|
| Inclusion criteria | - Teeth selected were within these variables; length of each root:13 ± 2 mm and mesiodistal width at cervix: 7 ± 0.4 mm. |
| Exclusion criteria | - absence of root-surface caries, visible fracture lines, abrasions and abfractions, crown fractures and previous restorations. - Internal root resorption/ obstruction in the root canal. |