| Mesh | Reference | Study Design | Study Aim | Sample Size | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Powered toothbrush | Tawse-Simth et al. 02 | RCT Single Blind Cross Over (18 weeks f.u.) | Comparison of clinical effectiveness of powered toothbrush and manual toothbrush in reducing inflammation around implants | 40 patients, 80 implants |
No statistically significant PI and BI reduction, nor differences between brushing methods |
| Powered toothbrush | Rasperini et al. 08 | Cohort study (12 months f.u.) | Analysis of safety and acceptability of electronic toothbrush in esthetic areas of peri-implant tissues | 100 patients | Statistically significant PPD, REC and bleeding score reduction with no signs of ulceration nor desquamation |
| Interproximal Brush | Chongcharoen et al. 12 |
RCT cross over single blind (2 weeks f.u.) | Analysis of the efficacy of Circum brush vs a straight soft interdental brush on implants and teeth | 8 patients | Statistically significant reduction of PI for both interdental brushes (p<0.0001) |
| Interproximal Brush | Magnuson et al. 13 | RCT single center (1 month f.u.) | Efficacy of water flosser and waxed floss reducing BoP around implants | 30 patients | Statistically significant greater bleeding reduction in the water flosser group |
| Superfloss | Van Venzel et al. 15 | Observational study (2 years f.u.) | Analysis of the correlation between use of dental floss/superfloss and peri-implantitis development | 10 patients | In case of implant exposure, there could be floss remnants that could initiate peri-implantitis development process |
| Mouthrinse | Ciancio et al. 95 | RCT blind double parallel arms (3 months f.u.) | Analysis of the efficacy of mouthrinses in peri-implant tissue maintenance | 20 patients | Antiseptic mouthrinses showed a statistically significant reduction in PI, BI, GI; no differences in REC and PPD |
| Mouthrinse | Pedrazzi et al. 14 | Review | Analysis of the efficacy of antimicrobial mouthrinses in peri-implant tissue plaque control | Absent | 0.12& CHX and Essential oils show to be effective in inhibiting biofilm formation. |
| Chlorhexidine | Keltjens et al. 91 | 24 months f.u. | Analysis of the efficacy of CHX gel in overdenture rehabilitated patients | 19 patients | BI and PPD were lower in the CHX group than in the placebo group |
| Chlorhexidine | Felo et al. 97 | RCT single blind parallel arms (3 months f.u.) | Comparison of efficacy between 0.06%CHX using a powered irrigator with subgingival tip and 0.12% CHX mouthwash | 24 patients | Significantly greater reductions were showed in PI, MGI and SI through sub-gingival irrigation rather than mouthrinse. |
| Chlorhexidine | Heitz-Mayfield 11 | RCT Double blind (3 months f.u.) | Implant homecare brushing and 0.5% CHX vs brushing and palcebo | 29 patients | Statistically significant BoP and PPD reduction but no statistically significant differences between test and control group. |
| Chlorhexidine | De Siena et al. 12 | RCT parallel arms (3 months f.u.) | Analysis of the efficacy of 1% CHX gel and 0.2% CHX mouthwash as adjunctive therapy to mechanical treatment in peri-implantitis | 30 patients | Both solutions showed a PI, BI and PPD reduction but no statistically significant differences were found between the two solutions. |
| Chlorhexidine | Hallstrom et al. 15 | RCT double blind parallele arms (24 months f.u.) | Analysis of CHX gel-containing brush in mucositis treatment | 38 patients | CHX use showed a statistically significant decrease (p<0.005) in PPD and BoP, higher than in the control group |
| Chlorhexidine | Genovesi et al. 15 | RCT double blind parallel arms (2 weeks f.u.) | Analysis of anti-plaque, anti-gingivitis and anti-staining properties of 0.12% CHX and 0.12% CHX + Hyaluronic acid mouthwashes in implant rehabilitated patients after surgery | 40 patients | CHX+Hyaluronic Acid show a higher statistically difference in reducing edema but no differences between the two mouthwashes were found concerning the anti-flogistic activity |
| Homecare Maintenance | Grusovin et al. 08 | Systematic Review | Identification of the best practice for peri-implant homecare | 9 included studies | Little evidence of what the best practices for peri-implant tissue care are |