Landmarks |
Definition |
Sella (S) |
The center of sella turcica |
Nasion (N) |
The most anterior point on the frontonasal suture |
Menton (ME) |
The most inferior point on the symphyseal outline |
Pogonion (POG) |
The most anterior point on the mandibular symphysis |
Anterior nasal spine (ANS) |
Tip of the anterior nasal spine |
Posterior nasal spine (PNS) |
The tip of the posterior nasal spine |
Orbitale (OR) |
The most inferior point on the lower border of the bony orbit |
Porion (P) |
The most superior point on the outline of the external auditory meatus |
Constructed Gonion (GO) |
The intersection of the mandibular plane with a plane through Articulare, Posterior and along the portion of the mandibular ramus inferior to it |
A point (A) |
The deepest point of the curve of the maxilla between the anterior nasal spine and the dental alveolus |
B point (B) |
the deepest point on the bony curvature between the crest of the alveolus and pogonion |
Articulare (AR) |
The point of intersection between the posterior border of the mandibular condyle and the lower border of the cranial base |