| Variables | No (n = 43) | % | Most frequently level affected |
|---|---|---|---|
| IVD degeneration | 27 | 62.8 | C5-6 |
| Disc herniation | 19 | 44.2 | C5-6 |
| Posterior osteophyte | 27 | 62.8 | C5-6 |
| Degenerative spinal canal stenosis and spinal cord compression | 6 | 18 | C5-6 |
| Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy | 14 | 32.6 | C5-6 |