Table 2: Chronological overview of orofacial esthetic instruments for self-evaluation.

Authors and Year Name of Instrument Items Response Psychometric Properties
Wolfart et al. 2006 Participants’ satisfaction with dental appearance questionnaire Maxillary anterior teeth (length and harmony); Teeth (exposure while smiling, spacing, midline, appearance, position, proportion, color, unpleasant condition); Others (gum visibility, wish for different teeth, hiding teeth, feel old because of teeth) Five-point Likert scale Not available
Samorodnitzky-Naveh et al. 2007 Questionnaire of dental satisfaction Patient satisfaction with dental condition; Teeth overall (appearance, color, crowding, alignment, protrusion); Anterior teeth (nonesthetic restoration, fracture); Others (hiding teeth while smiling); Satisfaction with previous esthetic treatments; Orthodontic treatment, teeth whitening; Anterior teeth (crowns, implants, root canal); Desired esthetic dental treatments; Teeth (general appearance improvement, whitening, alignment, anterior teeth crown) Yes/No NA
Tortopidis et al.
2007
Self-evaluation questionnaire of esthetic treatment need Self-evaluation of esthetic perception (12 items):
Smile, embarrassed about teeth condition, teeth color, gingival inflammation, the shape of upper central teeth, visible gum, teeth malposition, smile appearance, esthetic treatment need.
Yes/No Good reliability in internal consistency test
Mehl et al.
2009
Questionnaire of Satisfaction with Own Dental Appearance Teeth (appearance, size (width and length), color, position, shape); Others (gum appearance, dissatisfaction with artificial teeth, dissatisfaction with teeth spacing, hiding teeth, wish for different teeth, feel old because of teeth) Five-point Likert scale NA
Larsson et al. 2010 Orofacial Esthetic Scale Facial appearance, facial profile, mouth appearance, rows of teeth, the color of teeth, teeth shape/form, gingiva, the overall impression Ten-point Likert scale Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, content-discriminant-convergent validity
Tin-Oo et al. 2011 Questionnaire of patient satisfaction and desired treatment to improve esthetics Questionnaire about patient satisfaction with current dental appearance: Teeth overall (appearance, color, crowding, alignment, protrusion, fracture); Anterior teeth - caries, nonesthetic restoration; Desired esthetic treatment need (Orthodontic treatment, crowns, teeth whitening, teeth color restorations, and partial dentures) Yes/No NA