Table 3: Participant knowledge regarding safe endodontic procedures for pregnant patients, part II (n = 450).

Procedure Safe in first or later trimester
n (%)
1st trimester
n (%)
2nd trimester
n (%)
3rd trimester
n (%)
Contraindicated or uncertain
n (%)
A single periapical radiograph 351 (78) 124 (27.56) 302 (67.11) 175 (38.89) 99 (22)
Full-mouth radiograph 138 (30.67) 30 (6.67) 115 (25.56) 45 (10) 312 (69.33)
Endodontic treatment 418 (92.89) 131 (29.11) 365 (81.11) 168 (37.33) 32 (7.11)
Administer local anesthesia with epinephrine 360 (80) 117 (26) 318 (70.67) 146 (32.44) 90 (20)
Administer local anesthesia without epinephrine 404 (89.78) 189 (42) 318 (70.67) 228 (50.67) 46 (10.22)
Access opening to relieve pain 425 (94.44) 266 (59.11) 377 (83.78) 283 (62.89) 25 (5.56)
Make incision to drain abscess 406 (90.22) 233 (51.78) 346 (76.89) 249 (55.33) 44 (9.78)
Prescribe acetaminophen, such as paracetamol 403 (89.56) 280 (62.22) 340 (75.56) 300 (66.67) 47 (10.44)
Prescribe NSAIDS such as ibuprofen 142 (31.56) 36 (8) 97 (21.56) 69 (15.33) 308 (68.44)*
Prescribe antibiotics such as amoxicillin or clindamycin 328 (72.89) 163 (36.22) 275 (61.11) 199 (44.22) 122 (27.11)

Note: Participant answers for first, second, and third trimesters are not cumulative, as some participants chose more than one trimester. * Among 308 (68.44%) participants, 260 (57.8%) answered that ibuprofen was contraindicated, and 48 (10.6%) were uncertain.