| Author (Year) | Methods in simulating tooth mobility | Materials used for abutment teeth | Materials used for socket fabrication | Materials used for periodontal ligament simulation | Type of mobility achieved | Center of Rotation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sornkul et al 1990 [23] |
Socket enlargement via 1-3mm wax thickness | Metal dies (Will-Ceram Litecast B, Williams Gold) |
Autopolymerising acrylic resin block (Perm, The Hygienic Co, Akron, Ohio) | Regular body polyvinyl siloxane (Presiden Regular Body, Coltene, Hudson, Massachusetts) |
Axial intrusion of 1-3mm | Not Reported |
| Erdelt and Lamper 2010 [24] |
Socket enlargement with various size of arresting plates and gasket types | High- performance polymer plastic (Everest C- Temp, KaVo, Biberach, Germany) |
Metal arresting plates and metal base | Silicone gasket (Xantropren L blau, Heraeus Kulzer GmbH, Hanau, Germany) | Self-designed mobility curves representing horizontal movements via Universal Testing Machine (0.15, 0.30, 0.60 and 1.00mm) | Centre of the ball (one-third of the length of the root) |
| Sterzenbach et al 2011 [31] |
Alveolar bone loss simulation by reducing simulated acrylic socket up to 50% of root length | Human sound teeth (Lower premolars) | Acrylic resin block (Technovit 4004, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) | Polyurethane (Anti-Rutschlack, Kaddi-Lack, Germany), polyether (ImpregumTM PentaTM, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany), Polysiloxane soft cushion material (Mollosil®, DETAX, Germany) | PerioTest value (Degrees 0 to III) | Not Reported |
| Berthold et al 2011 [25] |
Socket enlargement and screw loosening | Custom made V2A stainless steel teeth (REMAG AG, Nuremberg, Germany) veneered with bovine tooth | Customized jaw based with aluminum (AlCuMgPb; Metallstore, Dornburg, Germany) | Low viscosity silicone (Panasil Contact Plus; Kettenbach, Eschenburg, Germany) and rubber foam (Flexan, Waghaeusel, Germany) | PerioTest value (Degrees II to III) | Not Reported |
| Soares et al 2011 [34] |
Alveolar bone loss simulation by removing 5mm of the simulated acrylic socket | Human sound teeth (Lower central incisors, lateral incisors, canines and first premolars) | Mandibular replica via polystyrene resin (Aerojet, Sao Paulo, Brazil) | Polyether (Impregum F, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN) | Not Reported | Not Reported |
| Sterzenbach et al 2014 [33] |
Alveolar bone loss simulation by reducing simulated acrylic socket up to 25% and 50% of root length | Human sound teeth (Upper central incisors) | Acrylic resin block (Technovit 4004, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) | Polysiloxane soft cushion material (Mollosil®, DETAX, Germany) | PerioTest value (Degrees I and II) | Not Reported |
| Hassan et al 2016 [28] |
Unscrewed 5 full turns to the central incisor | Frasaco plastic teeth (Frasaco GmbH, Tettnang, Germany) | Frasaco plastic model (Frasaco GmbH, Tettnang, Germany) | None | Horizontal mobility of 1mm | Not Reported |
| Zhu et al 2016 [27] |
Socket enlargement using diamond bur (TR-11; Mani Inc., Tochigi, Japan) and alveolar bone loss simulation by removing 1mm of the plastic model | Nissin plastic teeth (500H.1-M, Nissin Dental Products INC, Kyoto Japan) | Nissin plastic models (500H.1-M, Nissin Dental Products INC, Kyoto Japan) | Silicone rubber (Express Garant Light Body Regular, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) | Horizontal (~2.8mm) and vertical (~0.5mm) tooth movement via Universal Testing Machine as degree III mobility | Not Reported |
| Shirako et al 2017 [26] |
Socket enlargement by placing a lateral incisor in the central incisor socket and removal of fastening screw | Melamine resin teeth (A5A- 500, Nissin) | Nissin plastic models (D18FE-500A-QF, Nissin Dental Products, Kyoto, Japan) | None | Moderate and severe level of trauma with PerioTest values ~31 and 50 | Not Reported |
| Park et al 2017 [29] |
Screw loosening until degree III PerioTest values were achieved | Nissin plastic teeth (D85DP-500B. 1, Nissin Dental, Kyoto, Japan) | Nissin plastic models (D85DP-500B. 1, Nissin Dental, Kyoto, Japan) |
None | PerioTest value (Degrees III) | Not Reported |
| Naumann et al 2018 [32] |
Alveolar bone loss simulation by reducing simulated acrylic socket up to 4mm (~25%) and 6mm (~50%) apical from the cementoena-mel junction | Human sound teeth (Lower premolars) | Acrylic resin block (Technovit 4004, Heraeus Kulzer, Germany) |
Polysiloxane soft cushion material (Mollosil®, DETAX, Germany) | PerioTest value (Degrees III) | Not Reported |
| Nagayama et al 2019 [30] |
Alveolar bone loss simulation until degree II PerioTest values were achieved | Epoxy resin (Crystal Resin, Nissin Resin) covered with Co-Cr crown (Cobaltan, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan) | Nissin plastic models (E50-522 and E50- 550, Nissin Dental Products, Kyoto, Japan) | Silicone (Examixfine regular type, GC) | PerioTest value (Degrees II) | Not Reported |