Table 1: Solutions Used in this Study

Solution Ingredients Manufacturer pH

Concool F® chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) (x100) 0.05% Chlorhexidine gluconate Monoammonium glycyrrhizinate Weltec, Osaka, Japan 7.9

Neostelin Green benzethonium chloride (BTC) (x20) 0.2% benzethonium chloride Nippon Shika Yakuhin Co., Ltd, Yamaguchi, Japan 7.6

0.09% 1.8-cineol
0.06% thymol
Listerine® (Original) 0.05% Methyl salicylate Johnson & Johnson K.K. Consumer Company, Morris Plains, NJ, USA 4.3
0.04% l-Menthol
27% Ethanol

Popiyodon Gargle® povidone-iodine (PVP-I) (x20) 7% povidone iodine Yoshida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Saitama, Japan 3.6

NaCl, Na2HPO4
Phosphate Buffered Saline(PBS) KCl, KH2PO4 Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd, Osaka, Japan 7.3
Milli-Q

Mouthwashes were diluted according to manufactures recommendation before use.