| First author + Year |
Temperature | Variables tested | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aksu, M.N [43] (2004). |
130°C | Micro leakage in Class II composite | Preheating of the composite investigated resulted in significantly less micro leakage at the cervical margin compared to the control or the use of the corresponding flowable resin. |
| Darnoch, M [44] 2005 |
Between 3°C and 60 °C | Monomer conversion and duration of light exposure | Pre-heating composite prior to photoactivation provides greater conversion requiring reduced light exposure than with room-temperature composite. |
| Wagner, W.C [45] 2008 |
54.4°C | Micro leakage in Class II composite restorations | Preheating the composite resulted in significantly less micro leakage at the cervical margins compared to the flowable liner and control. |
| Walter, R [46] 2009 |
37°C, 54°C, or 68°C | Polymerization shrinkage | Preheating composite to relatively high temperatures (54°C or 68°C) to increase its flow and adaptation causes an increase in volumetric shrinkage |
| Lohbauer, U [47] 2009 |
Between 10°C. and 68 °C. | Degree of conversion | Pre-heating of resin composites does not increase degree of conversion over time. Polymerization shrinkage as a function of pre-heating temperatures exhibited a linear correlation after 5 min, but no statistically different behavior after 24 h. |
| Lucey, S [48] 2010 |
60 °C | Pre-cured viscosity and post-cured surface hardness | Pre-heating resin composite reduces its pre-cured viscosity and enhances its subsequent surface hardness. |
| Fróes-Salgado, N.R [49] (2010) |
68 °C | Marginal adaptation (MA), degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength (FS), and polymer cross-linking (PCL) | The pre-heated composite showed better MA than the room-temperature groups. Composite pre-heating and energy density did not affect the DC, FS and PCL. |
| Tantbirojn, D [50] 2011 |
68°C | Hardness and postgel shrinkage | Preheating of the composites only slightly increased hardness values and did not negatively affect postgel shrinkage. |
| Deb, S [51] 2011 |
22 °C and 60 °C. | Flow and marginal adaptation |
Pre-warming of the composites studied enhanced flow as observed by measuring film thickness and did not significantly affect other properties. |
| Dos Santos, R.A [52] 2011 |
23°C, 54°C and 60°C | Micro leakage in Class II cavities restored with dental composite | Preheating the resin composite did not improve the micro leakage means when high-irradiance LED was used; however, it decreased the micro leakage means when a QTH with low irradiance was used. |
| Nada, K [53] 2011 |
37°C and 54°C | Mechanical properties | Pre warming significantly improved surface hardness and bulk properties of the composites; however, this improvement was significant in only some of the tested materials. |
| Karaarslan, E.S [54] (2012) | 37°C, 54°C and 68°C | Micro leakage in Class V cavities |
No significant differences among the preheated groups. |