| Author and Year | Study protocol | Findings and Conclusion |
|---|---|---|
| Schoop U et al. 2002 [46] | Assessed the impact of Er YAG laser on root surface morphology and its ability to facilitate adhesion of mouse fibroblasts | Er YAG laser irradiated root surface offers better condition for adherence of mouse fibroblasts |
| Schwarz F et al. 2003 [47] | In vivo effects of Er:YAG laser (100mJ, 10 Hz) on the biocompatibility of periodontally diseased root surfaces in cultures of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDL). | Erbium lasers promote attachment of PDL fibroblasts on previously diseased root surfaces. The surface structure of Erbium laser instrumented roots offer better conditions for the adherence of PDL fibroblasts than scaling and root planing. |
| Feist IS et al. 2003 [48] | Adhesion and growth of cultured human gingival fibroblasts. | Surfaces treated with 60 mJ/pulse Er:YAG laser irradiation promoted faster adhesion and growth as compared to surfaces treated with either root planing or 100 mJ/pulse Er:YAG laser irradiation. |
| Crespi R et al. 2006 [49] | Laser (160 mJ/ 10 Hz) vs Ultrasonic scaler in the treatment of periodontally diseased teeth. The teeth were incubated in fibroblast suspension and cell attachment and density was assessed. | Laser-treated specimens showed a significantly higher cell density number compared to untreated control surfaces and ultrasonically treated surfaces. |
| Theodoro LH et al. 2006 [50] |
The authors assessed the stability of the fibrin clot on the root surfaces irradiated with Er YAG and diode laser (808nm) using the scanning electron microscopic technique. 5 groups of 20 tooth samples each were taken and were divided as follows: G1 (no treatment), G2 (Er YAG-7.6 J/cm2), G3 (Er YAG- 12.9 J/cm2 ), G4 (Diode laser- 90J/cm2), G5 (Diode laser- 108 J/cm2). |
The authors demonstrated comparable fibrin clot formation and adhesion in root planing group and Er YAG group. In the diode group, a scarce network of fibrin and absence of cells was observed indicating the poor fibrin clot response to the diode group. |
| Galli C et al. 2009 [51] | Cell morphology using periodontal ligament fibroblast culture investigated by SEM after 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours of culture. | The surface changes produced a less favorable environment for cell adhesion or growth, and treated dentin seemed to be more suitable for periodontal ligament fibroblasts adhesion as compared to human osteoblast adhesion. |
| Hakki SS et al. 2010 [52] | Attachment of Periodontal ligament fibroblasts to periodontally involved root surfaces treated with Erbium laser with short pulse and long pulse setting. | Short-pulse laser setting may enhance the attachment, spreading, and orientation of Periodontal ligament cells |
| Galli C et al. 2011 [53] | Cell viability and production of osteocalcin and osteoprotegrin by osteoblast cell line plated onto titanium surface modified discs following irradiation of the discs with Er YAG laser at two different settings: 150 and 200 mJ/pulse at 10 Hz. | Erbium lasers produce changes on the surface of titanium disc that can negatively affect the viability and the activity of osteoblast. |
| de Oliveira GJ et al. 2010 [54] |
Morphology and attachment of blood components on root surfaces irradiated with Er Cr YSGG laser at different angulations. Laser parameters used were 1.0W, 20hz (140-150 micro seconds), 10% air and 15% water for 30 sec (29.99J/cm2/ pulse) | The Er Cr YSGG irradiated root surfaces proved to be rougher than those scaled with manual instruments; irradiation at working tip angulations of 45° and 60° produced results of attachment of blood components and root wear comparable with those obtained with manual instrumentation. |
| Bolortuya G et al. 2011 [55] |
Comparison of fibroblast cell attachment to 1. Er YAG laser (30 mJ per pulse, 10 pps, 60 s) irradiated dentine vs 2. L-MTAD group: Laser irradiation with application of a mixture of Doxycycline+ Tetracycline + citric Acid treated dentine vs 3. Rc Prep (EDTA gel / cream) vs 4. Control group (no treatment). Cell attachment was observed and evaluated using counting assays and SEM |
The authors observed that the number of cells attached to the laser group was significantly higher than in the Rc Prep and control groups at 16 hours. Also the laser group exhibited dendritic cell extension by fibroblasts as demonstrated by SEM analysis. |