| Characteristics |
T1DM (N=88) |
T2DM (N=355) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, years* | 37.9 (14.4) | 57.4 (9.3) |
| Male/ female (%) | 42.0/56.8 | 53.2/43.9 |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 14.2 (8.3) | 14.3 (7.5) |
| Duration of insulin use, years | 11.8 (8.1) | 7.1 (5.9) |
| HbA1c, % | 8.7 (1.7) | 8.3 (1.5) |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 10.6 (5.1) | 10.0 (3.6) |
| PPG (mmol/L) | 13.6 (5.3) | 13.7 (4.7) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.4 (4.7) | 31.1 (5.9) |
| Previous medical illnesses (%)† | - | - |
| Neuropathy | 60.2 | 78.3 |
| Retinopathy | 28.4 | 35.5 |
| Nephropathy | 1.1 | 7.9 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 19.3 | 17.2 |
| Angina | 12.5 | 18.9 |
| Myocardial infarction | 3.4 | 10.1 |
| None | 31.8 | 14.1 |
| Oral antidiabetic medications, n (%)† | - | - |
| Amylin analog | 1 (1.1) | 1 (0.3) |
| Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | 2 (2.3) | 4 (1.1) |
| Metformin | 27 (30.7) | 231 (65.1) |
| Bile Acid Sequestrant | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) |
| Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV | 2 (2.3) | 11 (3.1) |
| Glucagon-like peptide-1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) |
| Metiglinide / Glinides | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) |
| SGLT2 inhibitors | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) |
| Sulfonylurea | 3 (3.4) | 58 (16.3) |
| Thiazolidinediones/Glitazones | 3 (3.4) | 8 (2.3) |
| Other | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) |
| None | 55 (62.5) | 79 (22.3) |
| Missing | 1 (1.1) | 16 (4.5) |
| Types of Insulin Therapy, n(%)† | - | - |
| Short-acting | 2 (2.3) | 2 (0.6) |
| Long-acting | 4 (4.5) | 32 (9.0) |
| Pre-mix | 52 (59.1) | 261 (73.5) |
| Both short and long acting | 16 (18.2) | 27 (7.6) |
| Both short-acting and pre-mix | 11 (12.5) | 18 (5.1) |
| Both long-acting and pre-mix | 0 (0.0) | 8 (2.3) |
| Short and long acting and pre-mix | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.8) |
| Missing | 3 (3.4) | 4 (1.1) |
| Checks blood sugar levels with own glucose meter, n (%)† | - | - |
| Yes | 61 (69.3) | 181 (51.0) |
| No | 22 (25.0) | 148 (41.7) |
| Not sure | 5 (5.7) | 25 (7.0) |