| Triggers | Factors | Authors |
|---|---|---|
| genetic predisposition: | family cases | Pham CM, Browning JC.(2010) [4],Lis- Święty A, Mierzwińska K, Wodok- Wieczorek K, Widuchowska M, Brzezińska- Wcisło L.(2014) [6] |
| X-chromosome monosomy | Karaca NE, Aksu G, Karaca E, Tuzun F, Gunes AT, Ozkinay F, Kutukculer N.(2011) [5] |
|
| the influence of HLA haplotypes | Canady J., Karrer S., Fleck M., Bosserhoff A.K.(2013) [7], Jacobe H, Ahn C, Arnett FC, Reveille JD. (2014) [8] |
|
| endocrine changes: | pregnancy | Noda S, Asano Y, Ashida R, Tomita M, Kawashima T, Sato S.(2011) [9], Benchat L, Mernissi F.Z.(2013) [10],Wong B, Pilouras P, Mortimore R, Zonta M., Tucker S.(2015) [11] |
| thyroid dysfunctions | Bonilla- Abadia F., Muñoz- Buitron E, Ochoa CD, Carrascal E., Cañas CA (2012) [13],Hassan I., Arif T, Anwar P.(2014) [12] | |
| diabetes mellitus | Firoz EF, Kamino H, Lehman TJ, Orlow SJ(2010) [22] | |
| trauma: | physical injuries | Fett N, Werth VP. (2011) [1], Browning JC. (2013) [29], Arif T.et al.(2015) [23], Arif T., Majid I.(2015) [24],, Careta MF, Romiti R(2015) [28],Touloei K, Wiener A, Glick BP. (2015) [31],Wolf R, Wolf D, Ruocco V, Ruocco E. (2015) [26] |
| mechanical compression by clothes | Grabell D, Hsieh C, Andrew R, Martires K, Kim A, Vasquez R, Jacobe H. (2014) [25] | |
| wearing slimbelt | Arif T.et al.(2015) [27] | |
| injection | Ueda T, Niiyama S, Amoh Y, Katsuoka K. (2010) [33] | |
| infections: | cytomegalovirus | Goulabchand R, Khellaf L, Forestier A, Costes V, Foulongne V, le Quellec A, Guilpain P [34]. |
| varicella | Patel H, Thakkar C, Patel K.(2010) [35], Qu T, Fang K. (2014) [36] | |
| HIV | Mosquera JA, Ojea R, Navarro C. (2010) [37] | |
| borrelia infection | Espinoza-León F, Arocha F, Hassanhi M, Arévalo J.(2010) [38], Zollinger T, Mertz KD, Schmid M, Schmitt A, Pfaltz M, Kempf W. (2010) [47], Santos M, Ribeiro- Rodrigues R, Talhari C, Ferreira LC, Zelger B, Talhari S. (2011) [39],Moniuszko A, Gińdzieńska- Sieśkiewicz E, Pancewicz SA, Czupryna P, Zajkowska J, Sierakowski S. (2012) [40],Miglino B, Viana M, Zavattaro E, Bonin S, Valente G, Colombo E. (2012) [41],Miller K, Lehrhoff S, Fischer M, Meehan S, Latkowski JA(2012) [42], Inci R, Inci MF, Ozkan F, Oztürk P. (2012) [43], di Meo N, Stinco G, Nan K, Pinzani C, Trevisan G. (2015) [44],Aberer E, Wutte N,(2016) [45],Trevisan G., Trevisini S., di Meo N., (2016) [46], Gutiérrez- Gómez C, Godínez- Hana AL, García- Hernández M, Suárez-Roa M deL, Toussaint-Caire S, Vega- Memije E, Gutiérrez- Mendoza D, Pérez-Dosal M, Medina-Dela Garza CE(2014) [48],Verberkt RM, Janssen M, Wesseling J. (2014) [49] | |
| vaccinations: | hepatitis B | Benmously Mlika R, Kenani N, Badri T, Hammami H, Hichri J, Haouet S, Mokhtar I, Fenniche S. (2010) [50] |
| diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis | Khaled A, Kharfi M, Zaouek A, Rameh S, Zermani R, Fazaa B, Kamoun MR. (2012) [51] | |
| measles/mumps/rubella | Weibel L. (2012) [52] | |
| pneumococcal vaccination | Viladomiu Edel A, Valls AT, Zabaleta BA, Moreno AJ, Pérez NO(2014) [53] | |
| chemical agents | pesticides | Sozeri B, Gulez N, Aksu G, Kutukculer N, Akalın T, Kandiloglu G. (2012) [54] |
| silicone | Kivity S, Katz M, Langevitz P, Eshed I, Olchovski D, Barzilai A. (2012) [55] | |
| adjuvants | Frances L, Leiva- Salinas M, Angelica MB, Marin I, Silvestre JF. (2014) [56] | |
| pharmaceutical agents | valproate | Aslan A.,Kotoroglu G.,Sözeri B.,Kurugöl Z. (2014) [59] |
| TNF-alpha inhibitors | Mattozzi C, Richetta AG, Cantisani C, Giancristoforo S, D’Epiro S, Gonzalez Serva A, Viola F, Cucchiara S, Calvieri S. (2010) [61] | |
| Ramírez J, Hernández MV, Galve J, Cañete JD, Sanmartí R(2012) [62],Stewart FA, Gavino AC, Elewski BE. (2013) [63] | ||
| vitamin B12 | Verdelli A, Antiga E, Bonciolini V, Bonciani D, Volpi W, Caproni M. (2014) [60] | |
| vitamin K | Lembo S, Megna M, Balato A, Balato N. (2012) [64] | |
| hydroxyurea | García- Martínez FJ, García- Gavín J, Alvarez-Pérez A, Alonso-González J, Ginarte M, Toribio J. (2012) [65] | |
| antifolates | Corbaux C, Marie J, Meraud JP, Lacroix S, Delhoume JY, Jouary T, Madoui S. (2015) [66] | |
| taxanes | Pedersen JV, Jensen S, Krarup-Hansen A, Riis L. (2010) [71], Konishi Y, Sato H, Sato N, Fujimoto T, Fukuda J, Tanaka T. (2010) [72], Torregrosa JL, Fernández M, Garcías J, Pérez A. (2014) [73] | |
| balicatib | Rünger TM, Adami S, Benhamou CL, Czerwiński E, Farrerons J, Kendler DL, Mindeholm L, Realdi G, Roux C, Smith V. (2012) [74] | |
| Coexistence of scleroderma with oncologic diseases: | multiple myeloma | Gajendra S., Gupta R, Gupta R, Kumar L. (2013) [79] |
| malignant carcinoid syndrome | Becher G, Leman J. (2013) [79] | |
| odontogenic carcinoma | McNamara PH, Toner M, Kearns G, Keohane C, Daly P, Doherty CP. (2013) [78] | |
| squamous cell carcinoma | Saleh DB, Williams AM, Smith IM.(2011) [80], Durčanská V, Jedličková H, Sláma O, Velecký L, Březinová E, Vašků V. (2014) [81], Grewal I, Khan O, Davis W. (2014) [82] | |
| localized scleroderma induced by radiotherapy prescribed for breast cancer | Akay BN, Sanli H, Heper AO. (2010) [94], de Giorgi V, Santi R, Grazzini M, Papi F, Gori A, Rossari S, Massi D, Lotti T.(2010) [91], Laetsch B, Hofer T, Lombriser N, Lautenschlager S. (2011) [85], Wernicke AG, Goltser Y, Trichter S, Sabbas A, Gaan J, Swistel AJ, Magro CM. (2011) [86], Llenas J, Bringas A, Nocito J, Gómez Zanni S, Campana R, Papa M. (2012) [87], Newland K, Marshman G. (2012) [88], Lim D, Johnston S, Novakovic L, Fearfield L. (2014) [89], Reynolds TD, Knights SE. (2014) [84], Vigneron C, Bauer N, Waisse W, Keller A, Pop M, Clavier JB, Salze P, Noël G. (2014) [93], Spalek M, Jonska- Gmyrek J, Gałecki J. (2015) [92], Yanaba K, Umezawa Y, Nakagawa H. . (2015) [90] |