I | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study Group | Grand Total No. | Epileps | Without Treatment | Monotherapy | Polytherapy | |||||||
No. | % | OR 95% CI* | No. | % | No. | % | OR 95% CI* | No. | % | OR 95% CI** | ||
Controls | 38,15 | 90 | 0.24 | referenc | 10 | 0.0 | 50 | 0.13 | reference | 30 | 0.08 | reference |
Isolated CAs | ||||||||||||
Neural-tube defects | 1,202 | 7 | 0.58 | 1.9 0.8-4.4 | 1 | 0.1 | 4 | 0.33 | 1.5 0.3-6.8 | 2 | 0.17 | 2.0 0.2-14.0 |
Cleft lip ± palate | 1,375 | 11 | 0.80 | 3.4 1.8-6.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.15 | 1.2 0.3-4.8 | 9 | 0.65 | 8.7 4.1-18.3 |
Cleft palate | 601 | 5 | 0.83 | 3.5 1.4-8.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.33 | 2.7 0.6-11.0 | 3 | 0.50 | 6.6 2.1-21.7 |
Cardiovascular CAs | 4,480 | 25 | 0.56 | 2.4 1.5-3.7 | 5 | 0.1*** | 8 | 0.18 | 1.4 0.7-3.0 | 12 | 0.27 | 3.5 1.8-6.9 |
Oesophageal atresia/stenosis | 217 | 3 | 1.38 | 5.9 1.9-18.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.29 | 7.4 1.8-30.7 | 1 | 0.46 | 6.1 0.8-45.2 |
Hypospadias | 3,038 | 13 | 0.42 | 1.8 1.0-3.3 | 3 | 0.1 | 7 | 0.23 | 1.8 0.8-4.1 | 3 | 0.10 | 1.3 0.4-4.3 |
Undescended testis | 2,052 | 7 | 0.34 | 1.4 0.7-3.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 0.29 | 1.3 0.9-5.4 | 1 | 0.05 | 0.6 0.1-4.7 |
Clubfoot | 2,424 | 5 | 0.21 | 0.9 0.4-2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 4 | 0.17 | 1.3 0.5-3.6 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.5 0.1-4.0 |
Poly/syndactyly | 1,744 | 5 | 0.29 | 1.2 0.5-3.0 | 2 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.06 | 0.5 0.1-3.3 | 2 | 0.11 | 1.5 0.4-6.3 |
Other isolated CAs | 4,361 | 9** | 0.21 | 0.9 0.5-1.7 | 1 | 0.0 | 4 | 0.09 | 0.8 0.3-2.1 | 4 | 0.09 | 1.0 0.3-13.3 |
Multiple CAs | 1,349 | 5 | 0.37 | 1.6 0.6-3.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.07 | 0.6 0.1-4-3 | 4 | 0.30 | 3.9 1.4-11.1 |
Total | 22,843 | 95 | 0.42 | 1.8 1.3-2.4 | 12 | 0.1 | 41 | 0.18 | 1.4 0.9-2.2 | 42 | 018 | 2.4 1.5-3.9 |