Table 3: Optimal solutions for case 1 and case 2 on IEEE 30 system.
| Control variables |
Case 1 |
Case 2 |
| IHDE |
DE |
PSO |
IHDE |
DE |
PSO |
|
P1(MW) |
177.2248 |
177.1034 |
177.3276 |
51.48791 |
51.55068 |
51.54542 |
|
P2(MW) |
48.74866 |
48.68600 |
48.67364 |
79.99838 |
79.99396 |
79.99778 |
|
P5(MW) |
21.39375 |
21.48266 |
21.44029 |
49.99992 |
49.99714 |
49.99992 |
|
P8(MW) |
21.07999 |
21.20626 |
21.19052 |
34.99997 |
34.99712 |
34.99697 |
|
P11(MW) |
11.96386 |
11.94555 |
11.84440 |
30.00000 |
29.99629 |
30.00000 |
|
P13(MW) |
12.00000 |
12.00841 |
12.00239 |
39.99947 |
39.99320 |
39.99238 |
|
V1(p.u.) |
1.083017 |
1.079011 |
1.082761 |
1.061236 |
1.061394 |
1.060080 |
|
V2(p.u.) |
1.063646 |
1.059780 |
1.062633 |
1.057166 |
1.057288 |
1.056278 |
|
V5(p.u.) |
1.032327 |
1.028427 |
1.030119 |
1.037699 |
1.037502 |
1.036530 |
|
V8(p.u.) |
1.036608 |
1.033294 |
1.032159 |
1.043903 |
1.044415 |
1.043915 |
|
V11(p.u.) |
1.093351 |
1.063881 |
1.068400 |
1.085657 |
1.095213 |
1.075596 |
|
V13(p.u.) |
1.048811 |
1.071938 |
1.056255 |
1.055954 |
1.059464 |
1.063790 |
|
T11(p.u.) |
1.040000 |
1.020000 |
1.000000 |
1.070000 |
1.040000 |
1.050000 |
|
T12(p.u.) |
0.930000 |
0.920000 |
0.980000 |
0.900000 |
0.950000 |
0.930000 |
|
T15(p.u.) |
0.970000 |
1.010000 |
1.000000 |
1.000000 |
1.000000 |
1.010000 |
|
T36(p.u.) |
0.970000 |
0.960000 |
0.950000 |
0.970000 |
0.980000 |
0.970000 |
|
QC10(p.u.) |
0.000000 |
0.005000 |
0.004000 |
0.001000 |
0.004000 |
0.050000 |
|
QC12(p.u.) |
0.001000 |
0.005000 |
0.029000 |
0.000000 |
0.012000 |
0.016000 |
|
QC15(p.u.) |
0.039000 |
0.041000 |
0.038000 |
0.040000 |
0.048000 |
0.044000 |
|
QC17(p.u.) |
0.050000 |
0.050000 |
0.049000 |
0.050000 |
0.048000 |
0.050000 |
|
QC20(p.u.) |
0.038000 |
0.038000 |
0.041000 |
0.040000 |
0.036000 |
0.038000 |
|
QC21(p.u.) |
0.050000 |
0.050000 |
0.050000 |
0.050000 |
0.050000 |
0.050000 |
|
QC23(p.u.) |
0.029000 |
0.025000 |
0.021000 |
0.030000 |
0.028000 |
0.022000 |
|
QC24(p.u.) |
0.050000 |
0.050000 |
0.035000 |
0.050000 |
0.050000 |
0.050000 |
|
QC29(p.u.) |
0.023000 |
0.009000 |
0.000000 |
0.019000 |
0.026000 |
0.022000 |
| Fuel cost ($/h) |
800.4152 |
800.5409 |
800.6488 |
967.6228 |
967.6734 |
967.7104 |
| Power loss (MW) |
9.011081 |
9.032239 |
9.078871 |
3.085644 |
3.128384 |
3.132461 |