| Variable/Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| Sh (t) | Number of susceptible humans |
| Eh (t) | Number of exposed or latently infected humans |
| Ih (t) | Number of infectious humans |
| Vh (t) | Number of vigilant short-term human travelers |
| Sm (t) | Number of susceptible mosquitoes |
| Em (t) | Number of exposed mosquitoes |
| Im (t) | Number of infectious mosquitoes |
| u1 (t) | Personal protection using insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) or mosquito-repellent lotion |
| u2 (t) | Chemo-prophylactic measure or liver-stage therapy for latently infected humans |
| u3 (t) | Chemotherapy or treatment of infectious humans |
| u4 (t) | Mosquito-reduction effort using indoor residual spray (IRS) |
| Λh | Recruitment rate of humans |
| τ | Fraction of recruitment rate of humans who are short-term travelers |
| Λm | Recruitment rate of mosquitoes |
| b | Mosquito biting rate |
| βh | Transmission probability per contact of susceptible humans with infectious mosquitoes |
| βm | Transmission probability per contact of susceptible mosquitoes with infectious humans |
| µh | Natural per capita death rate of humans |
| µm | Natural per capita death rate of mosquitoes |
| αh | Per capita progression rate of exposed humans |
| αm | Per capita progression rate of exposed mosquitoes |
| γ | Recovery rate constant of control |
| r | Rate constant of control |