Table 2: Association between resistance genes to β-lactams, geographical areas of occurrence and clinical isolates in Asia and Oceania.

Asia and Oceania
Country Genes Isolated References
(N. reports)* (N. reports)*
China blaCMY-2 Bloodstream (Giske et al. 2012) [43]
blaCTX-M Urine (2) (Ginn et al. 2014) [51]
blaCTX-M-1 Respiratory tract (Qi et al. 2015) [52]
blaCTX-M-15    
blaCTX-M-9    
blaDHA    
blaIMP-4    
blaKPC    
blaKPC-2    
blaNDM-1    
blaOXA-10    
blaSHV-12    
blaSHV-5    
blaTEM    
Israel blaCMY-2 Swab retal (Leavitt et al. 2007) [53]
blaCTX-M-10 Urine (Baraniak et al. 2013) [58]
blaCTX-M-14 Body fluids  
blaCTX-M-2 Wounds  
blaCTX-M-39 Catheter tips  
blaKPC-2 Bloodstream  
blaKPC-3 Respiratory tracts  
blaOXA-4    
blaSHV-12    
blaSHV-27    
blaSHV-5    
blaTEM-1    
blaTEM-3    
India blaNDM-1 SENTRY (Castanheira et al. 2011) [54]
blaOXA-181 Antimicrobial
blaVIM-5 Surveillance Program
  (hospital patients)
Singapore blaCMY-2 Bloodstream (Ginn et al. 2014) [51]
blaCTX-M-1 Urine
blaCTX-M-9  
blaDHA  
blaSHV-12  
blaSHV-5  
blaTEM  
Australia blaCTX-M-3 Bloodstream (Paterson et al. 2003) [55]
blaSHV-2
blaTEM-1B
Turkey blaCTX-M-2(2) Bloodstream (4) (Paterson et al. 2003) [55]
blaCTX-M-15 Urine (3) (Bali et al. 2010) [56]
blaPER-1 Sputum (Carrer et al. 2010) [57]
blaSHV-2 (2) Wound (3)  
blaSHV-5 (2) Abscesses  
blaSHV-12 (3) Catheter (3)  
blaTEM-1B Peritoneum fluid  
blaTEM-1 (2) Cerebrospinal fluid  
blaTEM-2 Endotracheal aspirate (2)  
blaOXA-48 Pus (2)  
blaOXA-9 Ascites (2)  
blaOXA-1    
Taiwan blaCTX-M-14 Nationwide (Ling Ma et al. 2009) [58]
blaCTX-M-15 surveillance
blaCTX-M-3 program
blaSHV-1  
blaSHV-11  
blaSHV-12  
blaTEM-31  
Iran blaCTX-M Abscess (Nasehi et al. 2010) [59]
blaCTX-M-15 Abdominal exudates (Feizabadi et al. 2010) [60]
blaPER Bloodstream (2)  
blaSHV Bronchial  
blaSHV-1 Eyes exudates  
blaSHV-12 Sputum  
blaSHV-31 Stool  
blaTEM Trachea  
blaTEM-1 Umbilical exudates  
blaTEM-79 Urine (2)  
  Wound (2)  
Lebanon blaCTX-M-15 Stool sample (Tokajian et al. 2015 [62])
blaOXA-1
blaSHV-11
blaTEM-1b
Pakistan blaKPC-2 Pus (Sattar et al. 2016) [61]
blaNDM-1 Urine
  Catheter tip
  Sputum
  Wound

1*Number of times the gene was identified.