Fig. (5) Resiquimod stimulates BAFF-R expression in CLL cells through NFκB activation. CLL cells were cultured at 2 × 106/ml in the presence of medium (control), Resiquimod 1 µM or Resiquimod 1 µM + Wedelolactone 10 µM. After 48 h of incubation, cells were collected, washed and labeled with either goat IgG (isotypic control, dotted lines) or polyclonal goat antibody against BAFF-R (full lines), revealed with a FITC-conjugated affinipure F(ab’)₂ fragment donkey anti-goat IgG(H+L), followed by FACS analysis as previously described. Dotted line: isotypic control (goat IgG) ; full line : anti-BAFF-R antibody. D-values were estimated by K-S analysis. Results are from one representative CLL patient out of four that gave comparable results.