Molecular Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates with Elevated Resistance to Carbapenems

Table 1: Primer pairs used in PCR and RT-PCR of carbapenemases.

Gene type	Primer	Nucleotide sequence		Annealing Temp	Amplicon size (bp)
Carabapenemase genes internal primers	OXA-48	F	5`– AAGTGTGCAACGCAAATGGC – 3`	55°C	137
	OXA-48	R	5` – CTGTTCCAGATCTCCATTCC – 3`	55°C	137
	IMP	F	5` – GTTAGTCACTTGGTTTGTG – 3`	50°C	103
	IMP	R	5` – CGAGAATTAAGCCACTCTA – 3`	50°C	103
	KPC	F	5` – ATTCGCTAAACTCGAACAG – 3`	50°C	130
	KPC	R	5` – AAGAAAGCCCTTGAATGAG – 3`	50°C	130
	VIM-1	F	5` – GAGCTCTTCTATCCTGGTG – 3`	52°C	103
	VIM-1	R	5` – CTTGACAACTCATGAACGG – 3`	52°C	103
	NDM-1	F	5` – ACTTCCTATCTCGACATGC – 3`	52°C	133
	NDM-1	R	5` – TGATCCAGTTGAGGATCTG – 3`	52°C	133
Carabapenemase genes full length primers	OXA-48	F	5` – TTGGTGGCATCGATTATCGG – 3`	55°C	743
	OXA-48	R	5` –GAGCACTTCTTTTGTGATGGC – 3`	55°C	743
	VIM-1	F	5` – TGTTATGGAGCAGCAACGATG – 3`	56 °C	920
	VIM-1	R	5` – AAAGTCCCGCTCCAACGATT – 3`	56 °C	920
	NDM-1	F	5` – TGTTATGGAGCAGCAACGATG – 3`	62°C	795
	NDM-1	R	5` – AAAGTCCCGCTCCAACGATT – 3`	62°C	795
Housekeeping gene	RpoD	F	5` – CGAACTGCTTGCCGACTT – 3`	56°C	131
Housekeeping gene	RpoD	R	5` – GCGAGAGCCTCAAGGATAC – 3`	56°C	131

F: forward, R: reverse, bp: base pair