Table 2: Immunological profiles among paracoccidioidomycosis patients with acute/subacute (FA) and chronic (FC) forms and healthy individuals (controls) according to the production of cytokines by different subpopulations of leukocytes in response to P. brasiliensis antigen (PbAg).

Leucocyte Subsets
Profile (Cytokines) 		No Stimulus PbAg References
Control FA FC Control FA FC
PBMC
Th1
(IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12)		 + + + +++ + ++ [171, 184, 185]
Th2/Th9
(IL-4, IL-5, IL-9)		 + + + + +++ + [171, 185, 186]
Treg
(TGF-β1, IL-10)		 + +++ ++ ++ +++ +++ [171, 184, 186]
Th17/Th22
(IL-17, IL-22)		 0 0 ++ NR NR NR [171]
Pro-inflammatory
(TNF-α, IL-6)		 ++ + ++ NR NR NR [186]
CD4
Th1
(IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α)		 +++ + ++ NR NR NR [187]
CD8
Th1
(IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α)		 ++ + + NR NR NR [187]
Monocytes
Pro-inflammatory
(TNF-α, IL-6, IL1-β, IL-12, MIP-1α, H202)		 + + ++ ++ NR +++ [178, 187-189]
Anti-inflammatory
(IL-10, TGFβ1)		 + ++ ++ ++ NR +++ [178, 187, 189]
Pro-fibrotic
(FGFb, TGFβ1)		 ++ NR ++ + NR ++ [178, 189]
Alveolar macrophages
Pro-inflammatory (H202)		 + NR +++ NR NR NR [188]

PBMC = peripheral blood mononuclear cells; NR = not realized; 0 = absent; + = mild; ++ = moderate; +++ = intense