Table 2: Preclinical studies of Russian prepandemic H5 LAIV candidates in animal models.

H5 LAIV Candidate	Animal Model	Study Subject	Refs.
Len–dP (H5N2)	Mice	Attenuation, immunogenicity, protective and cross–protective efficacy	[16, 32, 33, 37]
	Ferrets	Attenuation, genetic stability, cross–protective efficacy	[16, 37]
	Chicken	Attenuation	[33]
	Macaques	Safety, cross–protective efficacy	[15]
Len–tT (H5N2)	Mice	Acute and sub–acute toxicity tests	[17, 38]
	Guinea pigs	Acute and sub–acute toxicity tests	[17, 38]
	Ferrets	Safety, attenuation, protective and cross–protective efficacy	[17, 38]
	Chicken	Safety, attenuation	[17, 38]
Len–Vn (H5N2)	Ferrets	Safety, attenuation, cross–protective efficacy	[17]
	Chicken	Safety, attenuation	[17]
Len–Vn/rg (H5N1)	Mice	Infectivity in respiratory tract; immunogenicity, protective and cross–protective efficacy	[30, 31]
	Ferrets	Attenuation, immunogenicity, cross–protective efficacy	[17]
	Chicken	Safety, attenuation	[17, 38]
Len–Eg/rg (H5N1)	Mice	Infectivity in respiratory tract; immunogenicity, protective and cross–protective efficacy	[31]