Table 2: Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp.

Microorganism	Study Area	No. of Isolates	Antibiotics	Resistance (%)	Reference
Shigella flexneri	Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital	29	Ampicillin	96.55	[31]
			Nalidixic acid	96.55
			Cotrimoxazole	72.41
			Ciprofloxacin	62.07
			Ceftazidime	44.83
			Ofloxacin	37.93
			Ceftriaxone	34.48
Shigella dysemteriae		19	Nalidixic acid	94.74
			Cotrimoxazole	84.21
			Ampicillin	73.68
			Ciprofloxacin	68.42
			Gentamicin	36.84
			Ofloxacin	21.05
Shigella boydii		15	Cotrimoxazole	100
			Nalidixic acid	100
			Ampicillin	73.33
			Gentamicin	33.33
			Cefotaxime	26.67
Shigella sonnei		6	Ampicillin	100
			Nalidixic acid	83.33
			Cotrimoxazole	83.33
			Ciprofloxacin	33.33
Shigella spp.	National Public Health laboratory, Kathmandu	21	Ampicillin	71.42	[32]
			Cotrimoxazole	66.66
			Mecillinam	61.9
			Nalidixic acid	47.62
			Ciprofloxacin	23.8
Salmonella spp.		9	Nalidixic acid	44.44
			Ampicillin	33.33
			Chloramphenicol	33.33
			Cotrimoxazole	33.33
Shigella flexneri	Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu	12	Amoxycillin	83.33	[33]
			Ampicillin	66.66
			Tetracycline	66.66
			Cotrimoxazole	58.33
			Ciprofloxacin	58.33
			Azithromycin	33.33
			Ceftazidime	8.33
Shigella sonnei		3	Nalidixic acid	100
			Cotrimoxazole	100
			Ciprofloxacin	100
			Tetracycline	33.33
Salmonella Typhi	Alka Hospital, Jawalakhel	56	Nalidixic acid	91.1	[34]
			Ampicillin	1.8
Salmonella Paratyphi A		30	Nalidixic acid	90
			Chloramphenicol	3.3
			Ciprofloxacin	3.3
Salmonella spp.	Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu	83	Nalidixic acid	83.1	[35]
			Ciprofloxacin	3.6
			Ampicillin	2.4
			Cotrimoxazole	1.2
			Chloramphenicol	1.2