Microbial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance in Nepal: Current Trends and Recommendations

Table 3: Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli.

Microorganism	Study Area or Hospital	No. of Isolates	Antibiotics	Resistance (%)	Reference
E. coli (ESBL)*	National Kidney Center, Vanasthali, Kathmandu	18	Cefotaxime	100	[³⁸]
			Ceftazidime	100
			Ceftriaxone	100
			Cefixime	94.44
			Cefalexin	94.44
			Nalidixic acid	94.44
			Norfloxacin	94.44
			Ofloxacin	88.89
			Ciprofloxacin	88.89
			Doxycycline	72.22
			Cotrimoxazole	61.11
			Nitrofurantoin	27.78
			Amikacin	0
E. coli (ESBL)	Manamohan Medical College and Teaching Hospital	288	Ampicillin	100	[³⁹]
			Amoxicillin	100
			Cefixime	100
			Ceftazidime	100
			Ceftriaxone	100
			Aztreonam	100
			Cephalexin	92
			Ciprofloxacin	78
			Tigecycline	0
			Colistin	0
E. coli (MDR)		480	Ampicillin	100
			Amoxicillin	84.7
			Cephalexin	81.6
			Ciprofloxacin	80.6
			Cefixime	65
			Ceftazidime	64
			Aztreonam	61
			Levofloxacin	51
			Cotrimoxazole	33
			Tigecycline	0
			Colistin	0

* ESBL, extended spectrum beta lactamase.