Table 1.: Summary of Bacterial Growth Inhibition

Insects Fed on Antibiotic Free Artificial Diet Insects Fed on Balsam Foliage
Gut Juice Hemolymph Gut Juice Hemolymph Insect Frass Extract Balsam foliage Extract
E. coli +/- - +++ - + +
P. aeruguinosa +/- - +++ - + +
B. cereus +/- - +++ - + +
B. thuringiensis (HD-76) +/- - +++ - + +

+/- Little or marginal growth inhibition (3 mm <OD>5 mm)
- no growth inhibition (OD=3 mm size of the gel punch)
+ strong growth inhibition (5mm<OD>10mm)
+++ very strong growth inhibition (12 mm<OD).