High Diagnostic Accuracy of Nitrite Test Paired with Urine Sediment can Reduce Unnecessary Antibiotic Therapy

Table 2: Outcomes of nitrite test, urine sediment and urine culture in relation to bladder incubation time in women with symptoms suggestive of lower UTI (n).

BIT^a	Nitrite test^b	Urine sediment^c	Urine culture^d
BIT^a	Nitrite test^b	Urine sediment^c	Negative	Positive	Total
≤ 3h	Negative^e	Negative	55	38	93
	Negative^e	Positive	59	207	266
	Positive	Negative	2	5	7
	Positive	Positive	1	101	102
	All		117	351	468
≥ 4h	Negative^f	Negative	52	25	77
	Negative^f	Positive	66	136	202
	Positive	Negative	2	15	17
	Positive	Positive	6	300	306
	All		126	476	602
Total	Negative^g	Negative	107	63	170
	Negative^g	Positive	125	343	468
	Positive	Negative	4	20	24
	Positive	Positive	7	401	408
	All		243	827	1070

^a BIT, bladder incubation time (h); ^b Positive Nitrite test, see Methods; ^c Positive Urine sediment, see Methods; ^d Positive Urine culture, see Methods; ^e77% of all patients at BIT ≤ 3h; ^f 46% of all patients at BIT ≥ 4h; ^g 60% of all patients overall irrespective of BIT.