High Diagnostic Accuracy of Nitrite Test Paired with Urine Sediment can Reduce Unnecessary Antibiotic Therapy

Table 3: Statistical outcomes of nitrite test, urine sediment and their disjunctive pairing in relation to bladder incubation time in women with symptoms suggestive of lower UTI (%).

BIT^a	Diagnostic tests	Sensitivity	Specificity	Predictive value		False results		Efficacy^b
BIT^a	Diagnostic tests	Sensitivity	Specificity	Positive	Negative	Positive	Negative	Efficacy^b
≤ 3h	NIT^c	30	97	97	32	1	52***	47
	SED^d	88	49	84	57	13	9	78
	NIT+SED^e	89	47	83	59	13	8**	79
≥ 4h	NIT^c	66***	94	98	42**	1	27	72***
	SED^d	92	43	86	57	12	7	81
	NIT+SED^e	95**	41	86	68	12	4	84*
Total	NIT^c	51	95	97	36	1	38	61
	SED^d	90	46	85	57	12	8	80
	NIT+SED^e	92	44	85	63	13	6	81

^a BIT,^,bladder incubation time (h); ^bCorrect diagnosis (100 minus false positive and false negative results); ^cNIT, nitrite test, see Methods; ^dSED, urine sediment, see Methods; ^e NIT+SED, disjunctive pairing of NIT and SED (either and/or both positive defined as UTI); *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001: Statistical differences in proportions between BIT ≤3h vs. ≥4h.