Table 5: Statistical parameters for exudates detection process by the proposed FCLA method compared to some other recent methods. For the FCLA method .

Method NI/NIEx Sensitivity Specificity Accuracy
Zhang et al. [20] SVM 213/213 88% 84% -
Wang et al. [17] SVM 154/54 100% 71% -
Osareh [24] FCMC 300/300 96% 94.6% -
Garcia et al. [25] MLP 50/25 84% 62.7% -
Wisaeng et al. [26] SVM 120/98 94% 89.52% -
KNN KNN 50/20 93% 92% 93%
CLA [28] CLA 50/20 96.3% 98.7% 96.1%
Proposed method 1 Hybrid 50/20 98.3% 98.1% 97.3%
Proposed method 2 Hybrid 50/20 99.4% 99.6% 99.1%