| Author | Data Sample Set | Results |
|---|---|---|
| Barron et al., 1994 [53] | 40 stroke patients 4-11 days after event vs. 40 matched controls, power spectrum analysis of HRV, all pts. in sinus rhythm. | Cardiac parasympathetic innervations reduced after stroke; more pronounced after right sided infarct. |
| Naver et al. 1996 [54] | 23 stroke / 11 TIA patients vs. 21 matched controls, no medication except aspirin, follow up 8-48 days (stroke) up to 2 years (TIA), respiratory HRV, orthostatic test, isometric handgrip. | Right sided stroke associated with reduced respiratory HRV, peripheral reflexes equal between right an left lesions. |
| Korpelainen et al. 1997 [61] | 32 stroke patients vs. 32 matched controls; 24h Holter, time and frequency domain acute and after 6 months. | LF/HF ratio unchanged during night-time in stroke patients reversible abolition of circadian HRV rhythm, loss of relative vagal nocturnal dominance. |
| Giubilei et al., 1998 [62] | 10 patients with MCA infarct vs. controls, 1 day after stroke, power spectrum analysis of HRV during sleep. | Sympathetic/parasympathetic balance (VLF+HF/HF), higher in patients. Sympathetic predominance during sleep. |
| Korpelainen et al., 1999 [60] | 46 stroke patients (early: 1-7days poststroke; follow up at 6 month) vs. 30 controls. 24h Holter. | Abnormal HRV measures involved in cardiac complications. SDNN, VLF, LF impaired in acute and late state post stroke. |
| Tokgözoglu et al., 1999 [58] | 62 stroke patients vs. 62 matched controls. 72h ECG recording post stroke. Power spectrum analysis. | Decreased LF, HF, SDNN. Decreased sympathetic and parasympathetic parameters, most pronounced in right insular cortex infarcts. |
| Colivicchi et al., 2004 [55] | 103 stroke patients, 24h Holter, time and frequency domain HRV. | Lower SDNN, rMSSD; higher LF/HF ratio in right insular infarct patients in association with more frequent and complex arrhythmias. |
| Mäkikallio et al., 2004 [63] | 84 stroke patients, 24h Holter, follow up 7 years, power-law slope beta (beta<-1.5). | Conventional HRV measures without prognostic power, but abnormal long-term HR dynamics predict poststroke mortality. |
| Meyer et al., 2004 [64] | 29 stroke patients within 24h after event, HR and BP. | Pathological sympathetic activation more pronounced after right sided stroke. |
| Colivicchi et al., 2005 [57] | 208 stroke patients, 24h Holter, 12 month follow up. | Decreased SDNN, right insular infarct and non sustained ventricular tachycardia associated with higher risk of early mortality. |
| McLaren et al., 2005 [56] | Cross sectional case-control study in 76 stroke patients (9 months poststroke) vs. 70 matched controls; long term effects; power spectrum analysis, baro reflex sensitivity, cardiovascular reflex autonomic test. | Impaired autonomic function may increase mortality in older stroke survivors. |
| Bassi et al., 2007 [65] | 85 stroke patients, 24 h Holter, time domain measure. | Lower SDNN associated with unfavourable outcome after rehabilitation. |
| Dütsch et al., 2007 [66] | 28 stroke patients vs. 21 matched controls, RR intervals, BP means oscillations. | Post stroke parasympathetic cardiac deficit and increased sympathetic cardiovascular modulation. LF/HF ratio of RR intervals elevated in right hemispheric vs. left sided stroke. |
| Rufa et al., 2007 [67] | 23 CADASIL patients vs. 22 controls, frequency domain measures of HRV, QTc Interval. | LF/HF ratio higher in CADASIL patients. No correlation with MRI lesion volume. |