Table 1: Group differences in demographic, psychological health, and neurocognitive metrics.

Demographic Controls PTS PTS/mTBI
Gender, Men/Womena 22/30 15/16 28/28*
F
% 73% 94% 100%
Age
M 30.6 32.5 32
SD 5.7 7.1 5.4
d 0.3 0.3
Education
M 15.4 14.5 13.9*
SD 2.1 1.9 1.5
d 0.4 0.8
Life Events
M 27.0 44.8* 42.4*
SD 12.0 9.8 13.1
d 1.7 1.6
Childhood Environment
M 57.4 53.4 52.6
SD 10.9 9.8 13.1
d 0.4 0.4
Psychological Health
Traumatic Stress
M 3.6 32.5* 51.7**
SD 4.7 10.3 14.8
d 4.4 5.0
Depression
M 32.0 40.4* 52.6**
SD 7.0 11.3 9.8
d 1.0 2.5
Anxiety
M 30.4 38.4* 51.1**
SD 7.0 11.9 9.8
d 0.9 2.5
Postconcussive
M 6.6 24.7* 44.5**
SD 6.0 15.7 16
d 2.0 3.5
Alcohol Use
M 4.6 7.2 9.1*
SD 3.6 6.7 8.1
d 0.6 0.8
Neurocognition (CNS-Vital Signs)
Reaction Time
M 99.9 96.0 83.8
SD 18.6 13.2 29.5
d 0.2 0.7
Complex Attention
M 94.3 88.0 74.7*
SD 19.1 17.9 22.9
d 0.3 0.9
Cognitive Flexibility
M 101.3 100.6 80.6**
SD 18.2 13.1 22.5
d 0.0 1.0
Processing Speed
M 105.4 101.9 91.3*
SD 22.0 13.2 15.3
d 0.2 0.8
Executive Function
M 103.9 103 86.6**
SD 16.7 11.7 21.3
d 0.1 0.9
Verbal Memory
M 97.8 100.5 85.9
SD 21.4 19.9 23.9
d 0.1 0.5

Note: Controls (n=30), PTS (n=16), PTS/mTBI (n=28). Kruskal-Wallis test (Benjamini-Hochberg Corrected) with post hoc comparisons (Mann-Whitney test). aχ2 test.
*Significant compared to the control group;
**Significant between both control and PTS groups;
F = Frequency; M = Mean; SD = Standard Deviation; d = Cohen’s d