| First Author, Year Location Study Design |
Sample Sizes/ Population/Setting |
Technology/Intervention | Comparators | Main Outcomes Intervention v. Comparators | Global Quality Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allen, 2005 [30] USA, CA RCT |
n=430 (I: n=219, C: n=211) Black and Hispanic women; general population near ambulatory care center | Telephone. Tailored telephone counseling calls to provide mammogram recommendation information. | Phone calls to inquire if participant had screening mammogram since enrollment. | Screening mammogram between baseline and 6-month follow-up. Self-report; more screening mammograms, but not significant. Predictors with significance: age, study group, prior mammograms, knowledge of age when women should begin regular mammograms. | Moderate |
| Arora, 2012 [32] USA, CA Cohort (Pilot) |
n=23 resource-poor pts with diabetes, men and women, Spanish or English speaking; safety net population | Cell phone. Daily text messages, unidirectional, English or Spanish. Educational/motivational, medication reminders, healthy living challenges, trivia messages, phone link message to allow participants to call in for free tool for DM management. | None | Healthy behaviors, DM self-efficacy, medication adherence. All showed improvement. Diabetes knowledge. No change. Satisfaction scores. Favorable. | Moderate |
| Arora, 2014a [31] USA, CA RCT |
n=328 (I: n=146, C: n=182) low-income English- and Spanish-speaking pts needing follow-up after ED visit | Cell phone. Text message appointment reminders, unidirectional, English or Spanish. | Usual care: written follow-up appointment reminders. | Post ED follow-up visits. Significantly improved. | Strong |
| Arora, 2014c [33] USA, CA RCT |
n=128 (I: n=64, C: n=64) adult patients with poorly controlled diabetes; men and women, Spanish or English speaking, urban, public ED safety net population | ell phone. Daily text messages, unidirectional, English or Spanish. In addition to usual care. Educational/motivational, medication reminders, healthy living challenges, trivia messages. | Usual care: not defined. | HbA1C, medication adherence. Improvement, but not statistically significant. ED use in follow-up period. Decreased. Self-efficacy, self-care, diabetes knowledge, QOL. Also improved, not significant. ALL improvements. Greater in Spanish-speaking subgroup. Satisfaction scores. Intervention very highly rated. | Moderate |
| Evans, 2012 [41] USA, VA RCT (Pilot) |
n=123 (breakdowns between I and C groups unavailable) low-income pregnant women, mostly Hispanic; county health department | Cell phone. Text messages providing prenatal education/tips + usual care. | Usual care: prenatal counseling and care. | Agreement with belief in preparation for motherhood. Significantly improved. | Moderate |
| Fischer, 2012 [42] USA, CO Cohort (Pilot) |
n=47 low-income adult pts with diabetes; English and Spanish speaking; FQHC | Cell phone. Text messages, two-way: prompts for blood sugar measurement and appointment reminders; pts respond to both and also receive acknowledgement text. English or Spanish. | None | Response to text message prompts, including glucose data. High rate of response. Appointment attendance rates. No difference from pre-intervention rates. | Weak |
| Grzywacz, 2013 [44] USA, NC Cohort (Pilot) |
n=119 Latino construction workers; non-probability sample; age 19+; general population | Cell phone IVR. VoiceXML application for participant entry of daily health diary information via keypad. | None | Adherence to diary keeping. Over one-third adhered; feasibility supported. | Weak |
| Kolodziejczyk, 2013 [45] USA, CA Cohort (Pilot) |
n=20 adult, overweight or obese, English- or Spanish-speaking; general population | Cell phone. Tailored daily text messages (3-5) for 8 weeks + binder w/weekly weight management literature + weekly (10-15 min) counseling calls for encouragement/reinforcement. English or Spanish. | None | Weight, BMI. Significant decrease. Weight management behaviors. Significant increase. Feasibility and acceptability. Favorable. | Weak |
| Lorig, 2008 [46] USA, CA RCT |
n=567 (Study (A) I: n=219, C: n=198 (to reinforcement study only: n=34; randomized to reinforcement study: n=116); Study (B) I: n=184, C: n=203 (all previously received SDSMP)) Spanish-speaking adults with type 2 diabetes; re-randomized from first study to second study; community settings | STUDY (A) No phone. SDSMP Community-based, peer-led, 6-week program. STUDY (B) Telephone IVR. Monthly reinforcement call: 1) greeting/participant rating of ability to manage DM in next month, 2) choice to listen or not listen to two 90-second vignettes, 3) opportunity to leave message. Staff member response to message, if needed. | (A) Usual care: ranging from community clinics to specialist care; (B) No reinforcement call. | (A) 6-month: HbA1C, health distress, hypo-/hyper-glycemia, self-efficacy. All significantly improved. (A) 18-month: same as 6-month plus self-reported global health, communication w/physician. All significantly improved. ALSO: physician and ED visits. Decreasing trend. (B) 18 month: Glucose monitoring. Significantly improved. Otherwise, no other significant differences. | Moderate |
| Sieverdes, 2013 [48] USA, SC RCT (Pilot) |
n=10 (I: n=5, C: n=5) adult Hispanic pts with HTN, men and women 50/50; FQHC | Smart phone. SMASH app auto-collect home BP (BID every 3 days) + electronic med tray data (daily). Phone reminder for BP, med tray (or phone if needed) reminder for med. Abnormal data prompted contact from study coordinator or nurse. Written & oral adherence info provided to pts. Text, e'mail, or periodic voice motivational/reinforcement messages. | Usual care: not defined. | Provider and pt acceptability. High. Program adherence. Good to excellent. Resting BP. Significant improvement. Ambulatory BP. Improvement but not significant. | Strong |