High Agreement and High Prevalence: The Paradox of Cohen’s Kappa

Table 1: Distribution of N subjects for R raters and K outcomes.

Outcome
Subject		1	2	…..	K	Total
	1	R₁₁	R₁₂	…..	R₁_K	R
	2	R₂₁	R₂₂	…..	R₂_K	R
				…..
	N	R_N1	R_N2	…..	R_NK	R
	Total	R₊₁	R₊₂	…..	R_+K	N R*