Table 3: Intergroup comparisons of the differences in the dependent variable scores of anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy (n = 118).

Category Process Description Treatment Group (n = 59) Control Group (n = 59) P-Value† Test Statistics‡
Anxiety Baseline Mean ± SD 5.54 ± 4.07 6.24 ± 4.62
Post-test Mean ± SD 3.61 ± 2.48 6.14 ± 4.54
Difference Mean ± SD − 1.93 ± 4 −0.1 ± 3.82 0.0007 12.21
Depression Baseline Mean ± SD 7.37 ± 5.06 8.76 ± 4.3
Post-test Mean ± SD 5.85 ± 3.5 9.36 ± 4.7
Difference Mean ± SD – 1.53 ± 6.02 0.59 ± 3.76 0.0003 13.66
Self-efficacy Baseline Mean ± SD 46.81 ± 10.29 48.8 ± 9.67
Post-test Mean ± SD 51.34 ± 8.83 47.63 ± 10.8
Difference Mean ± SD 4.53 ± 13.28 − 1.17 ± 10.04 0.0075 7.43

†p-value by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with correction for pre-test score, age, education, and employment ‡ f-value determined using ANCOVA. The difference was obtained by subtracting the baseline from post-test values Abbreviation: SD, Standard Deviation.