| – | – | Intervention Groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| – | All Patients | Listening to Music | Looking at Pictures | Control Group | P value |
| Men/women, n (%) | 82 (53)/ 92 (47) |
28 (48)/ 30 (52) |
36 (50)/ 36 (50) |
18 (41)/ 26 (59) |
0.623 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 58 (17) | 59 (17) | 72 (16) | 56 (18) | 0.489 |
| Anesthesia | 0.004 | ||||
| Spinal, n (%) | 80 (48) | 28 (48) | 41 (57) | 11 (25) | |
| Epidural, n (%) | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 1 (1) | 0 | |
| Local, n (%) | 86 (49) | 28 (48) | 28 (39) | 30 (68) | |
| Surgical treatment | <0.0001 | ||||
| Surgery, n (%) | 51 (29) | 30 (52) | 14 (19) | 7 (16) | |
| Urology, n (%) | 34 (19) | 15 (26) | 16 (22) | 3 (7) | |
| Gynecology, n (%) | 2 (1) | 2 (3) | 0 | 0 | |
| Orthopedics, n (%) | 87 (50) | 11 (19) | 42 (58) | 34 (77) | |
| Had surgery being awake earlier, n (%) | 102 (58) | 37 (64) | 40 (56) | 25 (57) | 0.534 |