Table 3: Anxiety, relaxation, well-being and pain before and after surgery in patients looking at pictures, listenting to music or being in the control group.

Looking at pictures of the nature
n=70
m (SD)
Listening to Music
n=56
m (SD)
Control Group
n=41
m (SD)
P value
Anxiety STAI
   Before surgery
13.9 (2.0) 14.0 (1.3) 13.6 (1.7) 0.100
   After surgery 14.5 (0.9) 14.9 (3.7) 14.4 (1.3) 0.563
Anxiety, VAS after surgery 15.1 (22.1) 16.5 (22.3) 15.0 (19.1) 0.802
Relaxation, VAS after surgery 82.9 (21.5) 80.5 (23.3) 81.9 (25.9) 0.557
Well-being, VAS after surgery 83.7 (19.2) 82.0 (20.3) 84.3 (16.8) 0.863
Pain, VAS after surgery 7.0 (14.0) 7.6 (13.6) 8.8 (14.3) 0.670

STAI, State Trait Anxiety Inventory; VAS, Visual Analog Scale. Differences are calculated with Kruskal Wallis test.