| Characteristics | Experimental group (n=28) | Control group (n=28) |  |
p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | Mean±SD (Min~Max) |
N (%) | Mean±SD (Min~Max) |
|||||
| General characteristics | Gender | Male | 17(30.4) | - | 17(30.4) | - | - | 1.000 |
| - | Female | 11(19.6) | - | 11(19.6) | - | |||
| Age | 40~49 | 2(3.6) | 61.96±8.84 (31~73) |
6(10.7) | 56.82±12.24 (34~74) |
3.38 | .364a | |
| - | 50~59 | 7(12.5) | 9(16.1) | |||||
| - | 60~69 | 14(25.0) | 9(16.1) | |||||
| - | 70~75 | 5(8.9) | 4(7.1) | |||||
| Education | Elementry school | 6(10.6) | - | 5(8.9) | - | 2.56 | .470 | |
| - | Middle school | 10(17.9) | - | 6(10.6) | - | |||
| - | High school | 6(10.6) | - | 11(19.6) | - | |||
| - | University | 6(10.6) | - | 6(10.6) | - | |||
| Clinical characteristics | Drugb | Antihyper-tensives | 28(50.0) | - | 25(45.0) | - | 1.18 | .395a |
| - | Psychotics | 4(7.2) | - | 6(10.8) | - | |||
| - | Antihistamine | 6(10.8) | - | 10(18.0) | - | |||
| - | Diuretics | 10(18.0) | - | 7(12.6) | - | |||
| Diseaseb | Hypertension | 23(41.4) | - | 25(45.0) | - | 1.77 | 1.000a | |
| - | DM | 22(39.6) | - | 24(43.2) | - | |||
| - | Others | 4(7.2) | - | 5(9.0) | - | |||
| HD duration (year) |
Below 5 | 22(39.3) | - | 21(37.5) | - | 1.00 | 1.000a | |
| - | Over 5 | 6(10.7) | - | 7(12.5) | - | |||
| Subjective health | - | - | 3.00±0.39 (1~4) |
- | 2.79±0.63 (1~4) |
1.54 | .130 | |
| Characteristics related to halitosis | Dental caries |
Yes | 10(17.9) | - | 12(21.4) | - | 0.30 | .785 |
| - | No | 18(32.1) | - | 16(28.6) | - | |||
| Teeth brushing frequency (times/day) |
Below 3 | 18(32.1) | - | 19(33.9) | - | 0.08 | 1.000 | |
| Over 3 | 10(17.9) | - | 9(16.1) | - | ||||
| Drinking | Yes | 0(0.0) | - | 1(1.8) | - | 1.87 | 1.000a | |
| - | No | 28(50.0) | - | 27(48.2) | - | |||
| Smoking | Yes | 1(1.8) | - | 3(5.0) | - | 1.89 | .611a | |
| - | No | 27(48.2) | - | 25(44.6) | - | |||
| Rhinitis | Yes | 5(8.9) | - | 6(10.7) | - | 0.21 | .648 | |
| - | No | 23(41.1) | - | 22(39.3) | - | |||
| BUN level | - | - | 53.71±13.43 (20.5~82.9) |
- | 52.61±16.88 (10.0~81.6) |
0.27 | .788 | |
SD: Standard Deviation, HD: Hemodialysis, DM: Diabetes Mellitus, BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen.
a p-Values were calculated by Fisher's exact test, b Multiple Responses.