| Category | Description | Treatment group (n = 49) | Control group (n = 49) | Test statistic | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | Mean ± SD | 63.24 ± 12.99 | 63.08 ± 11.66 | 0.065 | .948 |
| Sex (n, %) | Male | 15 (30.6) | 23 (46.9) | 2.751 | .147‡ |
| Female | 34 (69.4) | 26 (53.1) | |||
| Spouse (n, %) | Yes | 39 (79.6) | 35 (71.4) | 5.48 | .163§ |
| No | 10 (20.4) | 14 (28.6) | |||
| Religion (n, %) | Protestantism | 11 (22.4) | 13 (26.6) | 3.5 | .481§ |
| Buddhism | 12 (24.5) | 16 (32.7) | |||
| Catholic | 3 (6.1) | 5 (10) | |||
| None | 22 (44.9) | 15 (30.7) | |||
| Other | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Education (n, %) | None | 3 (6.1) | 1 (2.0) | 4.035 | .56§ |
| Elementary school | 12 (24.5) | 6 (12.2) | |||
| Middle school | 6 (12.2) | 7 (14.3) | |||
| High school | 7 (14.3) | 8 (16.3) | |||
| College or higher | 8 (16.4) | 12 (24.6) | |||
| No response | 13 (26.5) | 15 (30.6) | |||
| Employed (n, %) | Yes | 20 (40.8) | 25 (51) | 1.027 | .311‡ |
| No | 29 (59.2) | 24 (49) | |||
| Wound infection (n, %) | Yes | 8 (16.3) | 5 (10.2) | 0.798 | .372‡ |
| No | 41 (83.7) | 44 (89.8) | |||
| Additional administration of analgesics (n, %) | Yes | 27 (55.1) | 21 (42.8) | 1.47 | .225‡ |
| No | 22 (44.9) | 28 (57.2) | |||
| Frequency of additional administration of analgesics (n, %) | 0 | 22 (44.9) | 28 (57.2) | 4.413 | .326§ |
| 1 | 16 (32.7) | 15 (30.6) | |||
| 2 | 7 (14.3) | 6 (12.2) | |||
| 3 | 3 (6.1) | 0 (0) | |||
| 4 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| 5 | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | |||
| Postoperative hospital stay (days) | Mean ± SD | 15.19 ± 9.02 | 18.00 ± 8.82 | 1.55 | .124† |
| Median [range] | 16 [6-61] | 14 [1-38] | |||
|
Duration of operation (minutes) |
Mean ± SD | 155.1 ± 54.26 | 152.65 ± 65.30 | 0.065 | .948† |
| Median [range] | 150 [55–460] | 155 [65–320] | |||
|
Duration of anesthesia (minutes) |
Mean ± SD | 198.06 ± 59.72 | 192.96 ± 69.86 | 0.389 | .698† |
| Median [range] | 190 [95–525] | 190 [85–380] |