Table 7: Multiple comparisons using Scheffe test.

Dependent variables (I) Level (J) Level Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
- - - - - - Lower Bound Upper Bound
Memorizing knowledge First year Second year -0.513 0.314 0.273 -1.31 0.28
- Third year -0.917* 0.358 0.046 -1.82 -0.01
Second year First year 0.513 0.314 0.273 -0.28 1.31
- Third year -0.404 0.361 0.54 -1.32 0.51
Third year First year 0.917* 0.358 0.046 0.01 1.82
- Second year 0.404 0.361 0.54 -0.51 1.32
Linking knowledge First year Second year -0.545 0.304 0.212 -1.31 0.22
- Third year -1.067* 0.347 0.013 -1.94 -0.19
Second year First year 0.545 0.304 0.212 -0.22 1.31
- Third year -0.522 0.35 0.337 -1.41 0.36
Third year First year 1.067* 0.347 0.013 0.19 1.94
- Second year 0.522 0.35 0.337 -0.36 1.41
Targeting useful knowledge First year Second year -0.750* 0.271 0.029 -1.44 -0.06
- Third year -0.417 0.309 0.41 -1.2 0.36
Second year First year 0.750* 0.271 0.029 0.06 1.44
- Third year 0.333 0.312 0.569 -0.46 1.12
Third year First year 0.417 0.309 0.41 -0.36 1.2
- Second year -0.333 0.312 0.569 -1.12 0.46

*. The mean difference is significant at 0.05 level.