Table 1: Characteristics of the participants (N = 118).

Characteristics Categories N % Mean±SD
Gender Female 49 41.5 -
- Male 69 58.5 -
Age (years) < 60 51 43.2 48.47±7.92
- ≥ 60 67 56.8 68.25±6.83
Marital status Married 100 84.7 -
- The others 18 15.3 -
Education ≤ Middle school 34 28.8 -
- ≥ High school 84 71.2 -
Occupation Unemployed 67 56.8 -
- Employed 51 43.2 -
Economic status Low 17 14.4 -
- ≥ Middle 101 85.6 -
Caregiver No 43 36.4 -
- Yes 75 63.6 -
Drinking No 67 56.8 -
- Yes 51 43.2 -
Smoking No 96 81.4 -
- Yes 22 18.6 -
BMI (kg/m2) < 18.5 5 4.2 17.37±0.57
- 18.5~22.9 26 22.0 21.33±1.03
- ≥ 23 87 73.7 27.59±3.88
Duration of disease experience (years) < 10 62 52.5 5.08±2.60
- ≥ 10 56 47.5 17.32±6.18
Complication of diabetes No 60 50.8 -
- Yes 58 49.2 -
Experience of hospitalization with diabetes No 91 77.1 -
Yes 27 22.9 -
Family history of diabetes No 77 65.3 -
- Yes 41 34.7 -
Experience of diabetes education No 80 67.8 -
- Yes 38 32.2 -
Treatment modality OHA 99 83.9 -
- Insulin 15 12.7 -
- OHA & insulin 4 3.4 -
Comorbidity 0 20 16.9 -
- ≥1 98 83.1 1.36±0.88
HbA1c (%) < 6.5 23 19.5 5.86±0.30
- ≥ 6.5 95 80.5 7.65±1.23
FBG (mg/dL) < 130 53 44.9 109.79±14.43
- ≥ 130 65 55.1 165.62±40.86
Cholesterol (mg/dL) < 200 108 91.5 151.46±27.93
- ≥ 200 10 8.5 218.60±19.74

Notes. BMI: Body Mass Index, HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin, FBG: fasting blood glucose, OHA: oral hypoglycemic agents, SD: standard deviation.