Table 1: Characteristics of the participants (N = 118).
Characteristics |
Categories |
N |
% |
Mean±SD |
Gender |
Female |
49 |
41.5 |
- |
- |
Male |
69 |
58.5 |
- |
Age (years) |
< 60 |
51 |
43.2 |
48.47±7.92 |
- |
≥ 60 |
67 |
56.8 |
68.25±6.83 |
Marital status |
Married |
100 |
84.7 |
- |
- |
The others |
18 |
15.3 |
- |
Education |
≤ Middle school |
34 |
28.8 |
- |
- |
≥ High school |
84 |
71.2 |
- |
Occupation |
Unemployed |
67 |
56.8 |
- |
- |
Employed |
51 |
43.2 |
- |
Economic status |
Low |
17 |
14.4 |
- |
- |
≥ Middle |
101 |
85.6 |
- |
Caregiver |
No |
43 |
36.4 |
- |
- |
Yes |
75 |
63.6 |
- |
Drinking |
No |
67 |
56.8 |
- |
- |
Yes |
51 |
43.2 |
- |
Smoking |
No |
96 |
81.4 |
- |
- |
Yes |
22 |
18.6 |
- |
BMI (kg/m2) |
< 18.5 |
5 |
4.2 |
17.37±0.57 |
- |
18.5~22.9 |
26 |
22.0 |
21.33±1.03 |
- |
≥ 23 |
87 |
73.7 |
27.59±3.88 |
Duration of disease experience (years) |
< 10 |
62 |
52.5 |
5.08±2.60 |
- |
≥ 10 |
56 |
47.5 |
17.32±6.18 |
Complication of diabetes |
No |
60 |
50.8 |
- |
- |
Yes |
58 |
49.2 |
- |
Experience of hospitalization with diabetes |
No |
91 |
77.1 |
- |
Yes |
27 |
22.9 |
- |
Family history of diabetes |
No |
77 |
65.3 |
- |
- |
Yes |
41 |
34.7 |
- |
Experience of diabetes education |
No |
80 |
67.8 |
- |
- |
Yes |
38 |
32.2 |
- |
Treatment modality |
OHA |
99 |
83.9 |
- |
- |
Insulin |
15 |
12.7 |
- |
- |
OHA & insulin |
4 |
3.4 |
- |
Comorbidity |
0 |
20 |
16.9 |
- |
- |
≥1 |
98 |
83.1 |
1.36±0.88 |
HbA1c (%) |
< 6.5 |
23 |
19.5 |
5.86±0.30 |
- |
≥ 6.5 |
95 |
80.5 |
7.65±1.23 |
FBG (mg/dL) |
< 130 |
53 |
44.9 |
109.79±14.43 |
- |
≥ 130 |
65 |
55.1 |
165.62±40.86 |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) |
< 200 |
108 |
91.5 |
151.46±27.93 |
- |
≥ 200 |
10 |
8.5 |
218.60±19.74 |
Notes. BMI: Body Mass Index, HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin, FBG: fasting blood glucose, OHA: oral hypoglycemic agents, SD: standard deviation.