Table 3: Differences in self-care according to the characteristics of the participants (N = 118).
| Characteristics |
Categories |
Self-care |
| Mean±SD |
t or F (p) |
| Gender |
Female |
72.49±13.74 |
2.29 (.024) |
| - |
Male |
66.07±16.64 |
- |
| Age (years) |
< 60 |
62.25±16.38 |
-4.05 (<.001) |
| - |
≥ 60 |
73.67±13.41 |
- |
| Marital status |
Married |
69.29±15.15 |
-0.77 (.448) |
| - |
The others |
65.64±18.99 |
- |
| Education |
≤ Middle school |
70.98±14.97 |
0.98 (.327) |
| - |
≥ High school |
67.83±16.07 |
- |
| Occupation |
Unemployed |
73.93±11.90 |
4.20 (<.001) |
| - |
Employed |
61.91±17.62 |
- |
| Economic status |
Low |
68.99±12.26 |
0.07 (.942) |
| - |
≥ Middle |
68.69±16.33 |
- |
| Caregiver |
No |
67.58±16.82 |
-0.60 (.550) |
| - |
Yes |
69.40±15.20 |
- |
| Drinking |
No |
70.01±13.50 |
0.97 (.337) |
| - |
Yes |
67.06±18.32 |
- |
| Smoking |
No |
71.81±14.00 |
4.84 (<.001) |
| - |
Yes |
55.30±16.26 |
- |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
< 18.5 |
67.95±18.04 |
0.01 (.986) |
| - |
18.5~22.9 |
68.44±18.32 |
- |
| - |
≥ 23 |
68.87±15.00 |
- |
| Duration of disease experience (years) |
< 10 |
66.26±17.66 |
1.84 (.069) |
| - |
≥ 10 |
71.47±12.96 |
- |
| Complication of diabetes |
No |
69.98±15.58 |
0.87 (.387) |
| - |
Yes |
67.45±15.98 |
- |
| Experience of hospitalization with diabetes |
No |
70.38±14.43 |
1.83 (.076) |
| Yes |
63.19±18.85 |
- |
| Family history of diabetes |
No |
67.16±16.98 |
-1.62 (.108) |
| - |
Yes |
71.69±12.85 |
- |
| Experience of diabetes education |
No |
68.74±15.50 |
0.01 (.998) |
| - |
Yes |
68.73±16.51 |
- |
| Treatment modality |
OHA |
69.34±15.67 |
0.45 (.640) |
| - |
Insulin |
65.50±17.73 |
- |
| - |
OHA & insulin |
65.94±11.06 |
- |
| Comorbidity |
0 |
70.99±14.79 |
0.70 (.484) |
| - |
≥1 |
68.27±15.98 |
- |
| HbA1c (%) |
< 6.5 |
81.46±6.80 |
7.34 (<.001) |
| - |
≥ 6.5 |
65.66±15.79 |
- |
| FBG (mg/dL) |
< 130 |
75.37±12.75 |
4.55 (<.001) |
| - |
≥ 130 |
63.33±16.00 |
- |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) |
< 200 |
68.80±15.89 |
0.16 (.877) |
| - |
≥ 200 |
67.99±15.12 |
- |
Notes. BMI: Body Mass Index, HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin, FBG: fasting blood glucose, OHA: oral hypoglycemic agents, SD: standard deviation.